Dinner with Freinds essays

Supper with Freinds articles In the play Dinner with Friends, the principle strife was among Beth and Tom. This is uncovered in the principal scene while eating at Karin and Gabe's home. Beth shouts out about Tom not adoring her any longer and needing to separate from her. She trusts in Karin and Gabe which prompts the optional clash. The optional clash is Karin and Gabe now making sense of how to manage their companions and now their own conjugal issues since it has been brought to a front. The entanglements in this story uncover that life is short and once you are hitched it begins comming to an end. This is appeared in the scene betweeen Karin and Gabe when they are lying together in bed and Karin shares her bad dream mind Gabe. They at that point understand that the flavor in their marraige is no longer when he attempts to scare her the way he used to when they previously wedded by saying boo and she isn't alarmed in any way. You additionally not, at this point can carry on with a lighthearted pleasant life in that all you live for is your kids and for them to have a pleasant life. This is appeared by both Beth and Tom when they were guarding their case to Karin and Gabe. As I would see it additionally goes to state that every single beneficial thing reach and end, for example, life and marraige which all begin incredible at that point For an essential survey of the on-screen characters and the acting in this play, I would state that it was eminent. The entertainers were very on point and each on-screen character nailed their character and depicted them well indeed. The four fundamental characters in this story were Karin and Gabe, what's more, Beth and Tom.Beth and Tom was the couple experiencing the separation. Tom playedan furious, upset , and furthermore coy legal advisor. Beth played a dismal, forlorn, aesthetic house spouse. My preferred characters were Karin and Gabe. Karin and Gabe were as far as anyone knows an upbeat couple, they were extremely verbose regarding the matter o ... <!

Eleven Japan supply chain management free essay sample

All together for a comfort store chain to be responsive, which mean furnishing client with what they need, when they need it and where they need it, some various approaches to do are: a) Have huge stock regarding amount, assortment and speedy renewal so as to have the option to react rapidly to client request Risk associated:high cost: stockroom, transportationâ high Implied Demand Uncertainty: brief period to respond, danger of stock that can't be sold b) Provide profoundly creative items so as to give client the best item or potentially most current innovation Hazard associated:high cost: speculation into new item high Implied Demand Uncertainty: on the grounds that the item is new, request is questionable c) Provide significant level of administration quality Risk associated:high cost: staff, preparing high Implied Demand Uncertainty: client desire turns out to be high after some time 2. For Seven-Eleven Japan, when attempting to miniaturized scale coordinate flexibly and request utilizing fast recharging, they can confront the accompanying dangers: High expense of transportation: this decision require visit conveyance and an enormous number of trucks visiting a store for each day, since each truck just conveys specific sorts of item (relies upon temperature of capacity condition required) Human assets: store staff should organize and re-mastermind retires much of the time (as indicated by dinner time of a day, for example). We will compose a custom exposition test on Eleven Japan flexibly chain the board or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This may occupy them from offering different types of assistance to store client. At the point when request changes, items become repetitive while rack space is involved 3. So as to create abilities that help its gracefully chain procedure, Seven-Eleven Japan has settled on the accompanying choices as far as office area, stock administration, transportation and data framework: Facility area: high thickness of stores in territory where request is as of now known (prevailing zone). Stores are situated around a Distribution Center (DC). Stock administration: each store conveys a normal of 3,000 stock keeping units (SKU) out of 5,000 SKUs that they browse. DC doesn't convey any stock, they simply move stock from suppliers’ trucks to Seven-Eleven dispersion trucks. Transportation: Distribution trucks are sorted into four sorts of temperature-controlled trucks: solidified food, chilled food, room temperature prepared food and warm food. Each truck will make conveyance to various stores in the zone during off-top hours. At the point when the truck shows up at the store, the driver dropped the conveyance and leave, store representative doesn't have to introduce at that point. It is worked dependent on trust and accommodation. Transportation give by Transfleet Ltd., an organization of Mitsui Co. that serve restrictive to Seven-Eleven Japan. Data framework: the key reason for existing is to use propelled IT to improve activity. They introduced Total Information System, which interface each and every store with Head quarter, providers and Distribution Center. The framework can be quickly depicted with beneath segments and functionalities: Network: Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN): connecting in excess of 5000 stores Hardware: Graphic request terminal: utilized by head supervisor/proprietor to put orders. Things are recorded by rack request. When setting request, subtleties examination of POS information, including deals investigation, SUKs, deals patterns for 10 weeks/multi day, deals pattern for new item, slow moving things etc†¦ will be given. Requests will be sent through store PC to proper merchant and Seven-Eleven dissemination place Scanner terminal: used to peruse standardized tag and record stock while accepting approaching conveyance from DC Store PC: connected to IDSN, POS register, realistic request terminal and scanner terminal to do all the correspondence and data stream POS: is utilized gather retail location data, comprising POS sales registers and terminal control hardware. POS register is utilized by clerks to record thing data, time of offer in addition to their contribution about client: age run, sex. These information is gathered by 11pm every day and is fit to be dissected on the following morning Total Information System causes Seven-Eleven to coordinate gracefully and request: racks plan because of day by day design; non/slow moving things substitution; choice to keep loading another thing inside seven days. The key point isn't to squander significant rack space. 4. At the point when Seven-Eleven doesn't permit direct store conveyance in Japan, however rather has all item move through its appropriation focus, the advantages it can get are: Better reservation of items, subsequently better nature of items: in light of the fact that at DC, items are ordered and moved to temperature-controlled trucks, they will be in acceptable condition when advancing toward store Save on assets: on the grounds that the conveyance trucks that go to each store are Seven-Eleven trucks, conveyance depends on trust, the store doesn't have to relegate staff to introduce at conveyance time. They can concentrate on serving store client and get conveyance later when there are hardly any clients. Moreover, with conveyance from Seven-Eleven DC and trucks, store conveyance should be possible by means of Scanner terminal, which makes data straightforward and simpler to be recorded and controlled. In any case, direct store conveyance will be increasingly fitting when the thickness of store isn't excessively high, and each store doesn't convey such wide assortment of items Efficiency and cost sparing: The quantity of conveyance trucks required every day for each store is diminished (from 70 trucks in 1974 down to 9 trucks in 2006) 5. The 7Dream idea for Seven-Eleven Japan is a plan of action that gives comfort, or at the end of the day, esteem added administration to client. It will assist with carrying client to the store and furthermore improve Seven-Eleven’s notoriety and brand mindfulness. From a gracefully chain point of view, this idea is probably going to be progressively fruitful in Japan it is in the United States. Reasons are: The recurrence that American clients visit their accommodation store isn't as high as that of Japanese clients Seven-Eleven stores are effortlessly gotten to generally Japanese, while this ease changes broadly in America from city to city. Because of social explanation, American liked to have their online buys conveyed to their home, in any event, when they are not home at the conveyance time. The two clients and messengers are utilized to conveyance bundles being left on the entryway of an end house. 6. Seven-Eleven is endeavoring to copy the gracefully chain structure that has prevailing in Japan and the United States with the presentation of CDCs. The upsides and downsides of this methodology are: Pros: Enable Seven-Eleven to proceed with their objective of presenting all the more new food thing so as to move their capabilities out if customary service station food bazaar showcase, into another market portion with Starbuck-like models. Albums permits Seven-Eleven to have more authority over these new things quality, henceforth raise their serious level Cons: With DSC from wholesalers and makers keep on occurring, there will cover of conveyance on some specific sort of items Moreover, store staff will at that point need to suit conveyances from an expanded number of trucks at various time during a day, which put a focus on store assets. 7. Food administration in United States: while having a merchant recharge accommodation stores versus an organization like Seven-Eleven overseeing is own dispersion work, the upsides and downsides are: a. Having a merchant renew comfort stores

Thanks for Joining Us for Persist Our Instagram Feminist Book Club

Thanks for Joining Us for Persist Our Instagram Feminist Book Club Sponsored by The Tenth Muse (Ecco/HarperCollins) From childhood, Katherine knows she is different, and that her parents are not who they seem to be. On her quest to conquer the Riemann hypothesis, the greatest unsolved mathematical problem of her time, she turns to a theorem with a mysterious history that holds both the lock and key to her identity, and to secrets long buried during World War II in Germany. In The Tenth Muse, Catherine Chung offers a gorgeous, sweeping tale about legacy, identity, and the beautiful ways the mind can make us free. That’s it for the summer 2019 edition of Persist! It was so great to chat with the many readers who showed up for our  feminist book club  (hosted entirely on Instagram Live!). We read and discussed So You Want to Talk About Race  by Ijeoma Oluo, which was challenging, enlightening, and such a great read. We’ll be back next quarter in September for the next book! Our Managing Editor Sharifah Williams will be hosting our next book club, and she’s picked Thick by Tressie McMillan-Cottom Keep an eye on  our Instagram account  for the time and dates of the next chats!

unit 332 Essay - 2148 Words

Supporting Teaching and Learning Level 3 Diploma Unit 332 – Engage in personal development in health, social care in children`s and young people`s settings Outcome 1 1.1 At present employed at Cheam Park Farm Junior School in Year 5 as per the job description (see attachment 1) I have a range of duties such as enabling access to learning pupils and to assist the teacher in the management of pupils and the classroom. Supervising and providing particular support for pupils and ensuring their safety and access to learning activities but also challenging children to make them work to the best of their ability. Supervising children at playtime and making sure there playing safely individually and in groups. Setting out†¦show more content†¦2.2 Reflecting on my practise by identifying personally what I found hard and how I could improve and gain more knowledge and extend. Also by completing a SWOC analysis(see attachment 2) for my own feelings and what I as an individual would like to gain more knowledge on and what current opportunities would be available to me and what may prevent me from turning my weaknesses into strengths. In class I als o answered some questions on what I have learnt about myself as a TA and what were my highest/lowest emotional moments in the current week this was a good way of reflecting on my practise as made think on what my strengths and weaknesses are and what I need to progress on (see attachment 3) In my place of work we also every 6-8 months have a performance management meeting with our line manager to discuss what courses we would like to attend and what we would like to progress on(see attachment 4). During the course of Unit 332 we complete a PDP (personal development plans) by using SMART targets to address development/learning we want to improve on ( see attachment 5). Specific- target states exactly what is required Measurable- you have to be able to measure whether the target has been achieved Achievable- the target should be accessible Realistic- you have to have access to the training or resources required Time-bound – must have a time limit (short/mid/longer term) Johari`s (Luft 1970) The Jorahi`s Window is like a grid It goes from the obviousShow MoreRelatedUnit 332 Support Individuals in End of Life Care3173 Words   |  13 Pages1.1 There are agreed ways of working and legal requirements in place that are designed to protect the rights of an individual during end of life care, these are as follows: †¢ Data Protection, recording, reporting, confidentiality and sharing information †¢ The making of wills and living wills †¢ Equality, Diversity and Discrimination †¢ Visitors †¢ Safeguarding of vulnerable adults †¢ Removal of medical equipment from deceased people †¢ Dealing with personal property of deceased people †¢ RiskRead MoreDesign Parameters And Contingency Factors Essay950 Words   |  4 Pagespersonal perspectives of how his work help us gain more understanding beyond scientific management in terms of contingency factors and standardization. 1.Mintzberg’s five organisational configurations a. 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How Does The Change Affect Our Environment - 1624 Words

Although to our lives it may not seem like the world has changed much at all, the truth is the world has changed greatly and will continue to change. Why does the world change? Well, the simple answer is it’s in human nature to change and adapt, to innovate and move the next generation into something better. To understand how much the world the world has changed and how it will affect us, now and in the future. We must look to the past first, we will see how the population has grown and how if this continues we will not be able to sustain our finite amount of resources. Then we will discuss how the regional density has changed and how this will continue to have negative consequences on the environment and mankind. After that, we will consider how life expectancy has increased and how this results in more people being alive around at the same time and how this has started to affect our resources. These factors above are the result of human innovation and how humanity is continu ously improving itself. However, these improvements aren’t changing the world in the most positive way, population growth, regional density, and life expectancy are causing the finite amount of resource we have, to deteriorate along with the quality of the environment. More people means, more food, water, and more pollution because more resources are being expended. The world population is growing at an extremely fast rate due to innovation in a variety of fields like health and medical research andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Beats Plastic And Its Effects On Our Natural Environment884 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle is Paper beats plastic? How to rethink environmental folklore written by Leyla Acaroglu. As you analyze life cycles, do you know someone who plays a part of the system that affects our natural environment? 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Working and Going to School Free Essays

Working, parenting, and going to school are tough Is it possible to accomplish my goals and still meet everyday responsibilities? Working a full-time job, being a single parent, and going to college are emotionally draining. It’s stressful, frustrating, and hard to be positive at times when there are so many demands on time. Goals can be accomplished and still meet everyday responsibilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Working and Going to School or any similar topic only for you Order Now Working, parenting, and going to school are tough. Working a full time job is demanding. Getting up early and working late is physically draining. Day to day responsibilities need to be met which adds stress. My job is physically demanding on a daily basis. I work in the service field where I work outside everyday in any kind of weather. Heavy lifting, climbing, completing the job at hand, all the while praying I go home safe and in one piece at the end of the day. â€Å"I was waiting tables, going nowhere,† said Lynch, 32, and a single mother of one. â€Å"I was in a rut for a long, long time. †(Brindley, 2006) Those statements made me think about what I’m doing to change my life for the better. A one income household requires that I drag my behind out of bed on a daily basis and do my job to the best of my ability in order to pay the bills. I’m a single parent of a 15 year old daughter whom I love very much. Being a single parent isn’t easy. The sole responsibility of a raising a child to be responsible and disciplined is entirely up to the single parent. I talk with my daughter on a regular basis about my assignments and what my grades are in my courses. She cheers for me when I get excellent scores on tests. I need all the motivation I can possibly get. Recently, my daughter sprained her foot at school and has been on crutches for the past two weeks. I’ve made changes to my daily schedule to accommodate her needs. She is in a walking cast now but still stubborn and demanding. She is a typical teenager that plans activities with her friends and needs Mom to get her where she needs to go. School and grades are a constant struggle with her. I can’t get through to her know it all head that doing her homework and studying for tests are a must to get decent grades. I see that if I am going to be a positive role model, going back to school and succeeding in my courses. (Seastrand, 2007) When her grades are down she has no privileges. That’s when Mom gets a break! She’s not much fun to be around during these times either. Attending online college courses is mentally and physically demanding. Staying organized isn’t an easy task. Organization is the key to your success. If you have no idea what assignments are due, what appointments at work or school are up ahead you will get more stressed which will make your GPA plummet. Keep your home organized with your textbooks in one spot, your bills and mail in another spot, etc. Patience and priorities are a necessity. Take the time to stay organized and don’t procrastinate. (Comments on: How to Manage School While Working, 2005) I’m constantly kicking my daughter off of the computer in order to get assignments done. Deadlines for assignments don’t change but need to be broken down into tasks on a daily basis to meet the deadlines. Attending college courses is stressful. The decision to start taking college courses and working towards my B. A. in Accounting was easy. â€Å"How was I going to pay for my education? † I applied for grants and loans for this year. I had to wait several months before I did get my approval after starting my courses. I can breathe a little easier now but I still have several more years in order to finish my degree. I am in the midst of checking into scholarships which will greatly help the financial needs of school. Re-organizing my schedule in order to complete assignments and study is an on-going struggle. â€Å"Will I be successful in my college courses and get good grades? † I’m constantly working on this and praying for the best. Being a single college mother is a hard win/win situation and the long term effects are most important. (Seastrand, 2007) Being a good example to my daughter and getting good grades on work is my motivation to keep going. Organization, communication, patience, and priorities are necessities and the keys to success. (Comments on: How to Manage School While Working, 2005). Here is one statement that really struck me and I hope it helps other students also. Most importantly, always believe YOU CAN DO IT! Becoming more educated will change your life. In the famous words of someone whose name I have forgotten: â€Å"It is never too late to be who you were meant to become. † Good luck, I’m pulling for you! (Comments on: How to Manage School While Working, 2005) Another insight was not listening to people who say what your doing will be â€Å"too hard. † Keep pushing through and before you know it your degree requirements will be satisfied and your child will be clapping for you on graduation day. Go easy on yourself and keep things as simple as possible. Rely on friends and family if need be. (Seastrand, 2007). Working a full time job, being a single parent, and going to college are all very stressful but goals can be accomplished with organization and patience. References Brindley, M. (2006, November). Going back to college made easier for single parents hoping to improve their lives. Comments on: How to Manage School While Working (2005, 22 November). Seastrand, A. , (2007, April). What’s a Mom to Do? College Mom Magazine How to cite Working and Going to School, Papers

Internet Regulation Policing Cyberspace Essays (1425 words)

Internet Regulation: Policing Cyberspace INTERNET REGULATION: POLICING CYBERSPACE The Internet is a method of communication and a source of information that is becoming more popular among those who are interested in, and have the time to surf the information superhighway. The problem with this much information being accessible to this many people is that some of it is deemed inappropriate for minors. The government wants censorship, but a segment of the population does not. Legislative regulation of the Internet would be an appropriate function of the government. The Communications Decency Act is an amendment which prevents the information superhighway from becoming a computer red light district. On June 14, 1995, by a vote of 84-16, the United States Senate passed the amendment. It is now being brought through the House of Representatives.1 The Internet is owned and operated by the government, which gives them the obligation to restrict the materials available through it. Though it appears to have sprung up overnight, the inspiration of free-spirited hackers, it in fact was born in Defense Department Cold War projects of the 1950s.2 The United States Government owns the Internet and has the responsibility to determine who uses it and how it is used. The government must control what information is accessible from its agencies. This material is not lawfully available through the mail or over the telephone, there is no valid reason these perverts should be allowed unimpeded on the Internet. Since our initiative, the industry has commendably advanced some blocking devices, but they are not a substitute for well-reasoned law.4 Because the Internet has become one of the biggest sources of information in this world, legislative safeguards are imperative. The government gives citizens the privilege of using the Internet, but it has never given them the right to use it. They seem to rationalize that the framers of the constitution planned & plotted at great length to make certain that above all else, the profiteering pornographer, the pervert and the pedophile must be free to practice their pursuits in the presence of children on a taxpayer created and subsidized computer network.3 People like this are the ones in the wrong. Taxpayer's dollars are being spent bringing obscene text and graphics into the homes of people all over the world. The government must take control to prevent pornographers from using the Internet however they see fit because they are breaking laws that have existed for years. Cyberpunks, those most popularly associated with the Internet, are members of a rebellious society that are polluting these networks with information containing pornography, racism, and other forms of explicit information. When they start rooting around for a crime, new cybercops are entering a pretty unfriendly environment. Cyberspace, especially the Internet, is full of those who embrace a frontier culture that is hostile to authority and fearful that any intrusions of police or government will destroy their self-regulating world.5 The self-regulating environment desired by the cyberpunks is an opportunity to do whatever they want. The Communications Decency Act is an attempt on part of the government to control their free attitude displayed in homepages such as Sex, Adult Pictures, X-Rated Porn, Hot Sleazy Pictures (Cum again + again) and sex, sex, sex. heck, it's better even better than real sex6. What we are doing is simply making the same laws, held constitutional time and time again by the courts with regard to obscenity and indecency through the mail and telephones, applicable to the Internet.7 To keep these kinds of pictures off home computers, the government must control information on the Internet, just as it controls obscenity through the mail or on the phone. Legislative regulations must be made to control information on the Internet because the displaying or distribution of obscene material is illegal. The courts have generally held that obscenity is illegal under all circumstances for all ages, while indecency is generally allowable to adults, but that laws protecting children from this lesser form are acceptable. It's called protecting those among us who are children from the vagrancies of adults.8 The constitution of the United States has set regulations to determine what is categorized as obscenity and what is not. In Miller vs. California, 413 U.S. at 24-25,

Corazon Aquino Essay Example

Corazon Aquino Essay Example Corazon Aquino Paper Corazon Aquino Paper Dictatorship Is Iike a big proud ship-steaming away across the ocean with a great hulk and powerful engines driving it. Its going tast and strong and looks like nothing could stop It. What happens? Your fine ship strikes something-under the surface. Maybe its a mine or a reef, maybe Its a torpedo or an iceberg. And your wonderful ship sinks! Now take Democracy. Its like riding on a raft, a rickety raft that was put together in a hurry. We get tossed about on the waves, its bad going, and our feet are always wet. But the raft doesnt sink lts the raft that will get to the shore at last. This Is how democracy Is viewed by the businessman. Indeed, democracy Is a word that unites and pleases all the people. It also brings hope and peace to a nation. But what does democracy really means? According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Democracy means a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of epresentation usually involving periodically held free elections. Another meaning of democracy is a political form of government in which governing power is derived from the people, either by direct referendum (direct democracy) or by means of elected representauves of the people (representative democracy). The term comes trom the Greek: bnpoxpatla (demokratia) rule ot the people, which was coined from ipoq (d mos) people and Kproq (Kratos) power, in the middle of the 5th-4th century 3C to denote the political systems then existing in some Greek city- states. otably Athens following a popular uprising in 508 BC. Democracy played a vital role in the Philippines. The Americans introduced this kind of government to us when they got our country from the Spaniards 112 years ago. The Philippine Presidents taking oath after the rule of American regime implemented the same form of government until a dictator emerged In the personality of President Ferdinand E. Marcos. President Marcos declared Martial Law on September 23, 1972 by virtue of Proclamation No. 1081 . Marcos, ruling by decree, curtailed press freedom and other civil liberties, closed down Congress and media establishments, and ordered the rrest of opposition leaders and militant activists, including his staunchest critics. senators Benigno Aquino, Jr. ,Jovito Salonga and Jose Diokno. The declaration of exiled in the U. S for three years, the Filipino opposition activist Benigno Aquino was assassinated on the tarmac of Manila airport on 21 August 1983, moments after his return to the country to challenge the rule of long-term president, Ferdinand Marcos. That was also the day Maria Corazon Sumulong CoJuangco-Aquino stopped being, in her words, Just a housewife. Before we go further, lets know more about Ninoys Wife first. Corazon CoJuangco was born the sixth of eight children in Tarlac, a member of one of the richest Chinese-mestizo families in the Philippines. She was born to Jose CoJuangco of Tarlac and Demetria Sumulong of Antipolo, Rizal. Her ancestry was one-eighth Tagalog in maternal side, one-eighth Kapampangan and one-fourth Spanish in her paternal side, and half-Chinese in both maternal and paternal sides. She was sent to St.  Scholasticas College Manila and finished grade school as class valedictorian in 1943. In 1946, she studied high school for one year in Assumption Convent Manila. Later she was sent overseas to study in Ravenhill Academy in Philadelphia, the Notre Dame Convent School in New York, and the College of Mount Saint Vincent, also in New York. She worked as a volunteer in the 1948 United States presidential campaign of Republican Thomas Dewey against President Harry Truman. She studied liberal arts and graduated in 1953 with a Bachelor of Arts in French Language, with a minor in mathematics. She intended to become a math teacher and language interpreter. Aquino returned to the Philippines to study law at the Far Eastern University, owned by the family of the late Nicanor Reyes, Sr. , who had been the father-in-law of her older sister Josephine. She gave up her law studies when in 1954, she married Benigno Servillano Ninoy Aquino, Jr. the son of a former Speaker of the National Assembly. They had five children together: a son, Benigno Simeon Aquino Ill, who was elected as the 1 5th President of the Philippine Republic in May 2010, and four daughters, Maria Elena A.  Cruz, Aurora Corazon A. Abellada, Victoria Eliza A. Dee, and actress-television host Kristina Bernadette A. Yap. Aquino had initial difficulty adjusting to provincial life when she and her husband moved to Concepcion, Tarlac in 1955, after her husband had been lected the towns mayor at the age of 22. The American-educated Aquino found herself bored in Concepcion, and welcomed the opportunity for she and her husband to have dinner inside the American military facility at nearby Clark Field. Benigno Aquino soon emerged as a leading critic of the government of President Ferdinand Marcos of the Nacionalista Party, and there was wide speculation that he would run in the 1973 presidential elections, Marcos then being term limited. However, Marcos declared martial law on September 21, 1972, and later abolished the 1935 Constitution, allowing him to remain in office. Aquinos husband was among those arrested at the onset of martial law, later being sentenced to death. During his incarceration, Aquino drew strength from prayer, attending daily mass and saying three rosaries a day. As a measure of sacrifice, she enjoined her children from attending parties, and herself stopped from going to the beauty salon or buying new clothes, until a priest advised her and her children to instead live as normal lives as possible. In 1980, Aquinos husband was released from Jail in order to undergo heart Harvard University for the next three years. His family lived with him in the Boston rea and his wife described the time as the best years of her life. In 1983 supporters of the anti-Marcos factions persuaded Aquinos husband to return to the Philippines and to lead their cause. When his plane landed on the tarmac of the Manila International Airport on August 21, 1983, Aquinos husband was assassinated. Cory Aquino returned to the Philippines a few days later and led her husbands funeral rites, where more than two million people were estimated to have participated, the biggest ever in Philippine history. From the moment of Ninoy Aquinds assassination, Corazon Aquino became an acclaimed public figure. The shy woman learned to address huge rallies. There was so much rage in her. It did not seem difficult to speak her mind out before thousands of people and to become gadfly her husband had been. She prodded into action against the Marcos government, to demand an honest investigation into her husbands murder. Marcos claimed the assassin was Galman, whom he described as a Communist. Somehow, Galman had slipped through the security cordon with a weapon and shot Aquino before guards killed him. A Marcos-appointed commission came to the same conclusion. More likely, Galman was set up as the fall guy and then killed to ensure is silence. Subsequent investigations revealed that Galman was a petty criminal with links to the police. His family said that days before his death, Galman left his house in the company of several police and soldiers. Public pressure for Justice was strong. General Fabian Ver, Marcoss chief of staff, and twenty-five others were tried for the murder but were acquitted in December 1985. This incident pushed the limit to Mrs. Aquino. After the death of Ninoy, a group later known as the Convenors, held their first meeting in October 1984, at the home of Cory Aquinds mother in the ealthy Dasmarihas Village subdivision in the town of Makati in the metropolitan Manila. The convenors decided that three of their number would screen candidates and would choose one after consultation. The three were Ongpin, Cory Aquino and Lorenzo Tanada, venerable elder statesman of the opposition movement. During the convenors deliberations, Cory Aquino began to emerge as a political force in her own right, no longer simply the widow of Ninoy. At first, her role was to lend moral authority to the convenors, but Tanada and the others, despairing of the alternative, egan to see Aquino as the only candidate capable of uniting the opposition. They needed a candidate with a reputation for personal integrity who could appeal to conservative communists, left-leaning progressives, and the broad masses. They also needed a candidate acceptable to Washington, which exerted broad influence in the Philippines, and which had long supported Marcos of a dearth of alternatives. Aquinds seeming lack of personal ambition and deep-seated ideology made her perfect for the task. l am Just one of the thousands and millions of victims of the Marcos Regime, Cory would tell the crowds who came to hear her speak. am not the victim who has suffered the most, but perhaps the victim who is best known. I look around me and I see a nation that is sinking deeper and deeper into despair. I sense a growing feeling of helplessness and a creeping belief that no matter what abuse may be thrown at our faces, we are powerless to do anything about it. And since the Philippines needed an unequivocal change from the twenty-year rule of him for presidency. More than anyone, Cory Aquino knew the hard work, planning, meetings, and campaigning required. Like Ninoy, she was now away from home and the family for sixteen hours a day. She campaigned like a trouper, answering nasty remarks with simple retorts. To the comment that she had no experience, she replied, It is true that I have no experience in lying, cheating, stealing and killing. I offer you honesty and sincerity in leadership. To the others she promised, if elected, not to live in Malacanang. I will open it up to the people. She spoke before women, peasants, workers, and students as well as upper-class civic groups. To them all, she was a symbol of an uncorrupted woman, a woman they could trust. She made no great promises about immediately solving the staggering problems of the bankrupt country. It seemed enough, at the moment, to topple a brutal dictatorship, to restore civil rights and liberties, to open up democratic space, as she called it. Only with patience, and through peace and reconciliation, would the country be able to move forward. Her popularity reached a high point when one million people showed up at a post-election rally in Luneta Park in Manila on February 16. On February 25, Corazon Aquino was sworn in as the seventh president of the Philippines in a political upset that has been called historic. The New Year began with smiles and accolades. President Aquino, a woman, was honored by Time Magazine as its Man of he Year for 1986. On January 19, she won the Martin Luther King Award for nonviolence. We are finally free, and we can truly be proud of the unprecedented way we achieved our freedom, with courage, with determination, and most important, in peace. A new life starts for our country. But making that new life work was proving extremely difficult, as the woman in charge of what everyone called the Cory government rolled up her sleeves and got down to work. Her first act after taking office was to appoint a presidential cabinet of seventeen advisers. All of them had been opposed to President Marcos. Thirteen of them were lawyers, and five had attended Harvard University or Yale. Whatever their individual differences, the cabinet members got right down to work, too. Their first project was fguring how to run the government without having to abide by the structure set up by Ferdinand Marcos. Intent on upholding civil and human rights, she reestablished the writ of habeas corpus suspended by Marcos in 1971. Once again people were given protection against illegal imprisonment. She removed restraints on freedom of the press and on the rights of labor. Fulfilling a campaign promise, she announced the nconditional release from Jail of some five hundred political prisoners, including communists, an act that drew both applause and criticism. By mid-March, the president created the Committee on Human Rights, abolished the old National Assembly filled with Marcos followers, and adopted a provisional Freedom Constitution. The opening up of democratic space was not only to benefit the people but necessary for the president herself. She is deeply committed to the democratic process, for through freedom of expression she can hear a broad range of popular opinion.

Battle of Blenheim in the War of Spanish Succession

Battle of Blenheim in the War of Spanish Succession Battle of Blenheim - Conflict Date: The Battle of Blenheim was fought August 13, 1704, during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714). Commanders Armies: Grand Alliance John Churchill, Duke of MarlboroughPrince Eugà ¨ne of Savoy52,000 men, 60 guns France Bavaria Duc de TallardMaximilian II EmanuelFerdinand de Marsin56,000 men, 90 guns Battle of Blenheim - Background: In 1704, King Louis XIV of France sought to knock the Holy Roman Empire out of the War of Spanish Succession by capturing its capital, Vienna. Eager to keep the Empire in the Grand Alliance (England, Habsburg Empire, Dutch Republic, Portugal, Spain, the Duchy of Savoy), the Duke of Marlborough made plans to intercept the French and Bavarian forces before they could reach Vienna. Executing a brilliant campaign of disinformation and movement, Marlborough was able to shift his army from the Low Countries to the Danube in only five weeks, placing himself between the enemy and the Imperial capital. Reinforced by Prince Eugà ¨ne of Savoy, Marlborough encountered the combined French and Bavarian army of Marshall Tallard along the banks of the Danube near the village of Blenheim. Separated from the Allies by a small stream and marsh known as the Nebel, Tallard arrayed his forces in a four mile-long line from the Danube north towards the hills and woods of the Swabian Jura. Anchoring the line were the villages of Lutzingen (left), Oberglau (center), and Blenheim (right). On the Allied side, Marlborough and Eugà ¨ne had decided to attack Tallard on August 13. Battle of Blenheim - Marlborough Attacks: Assigning Prince Eugà ¨ne to take Lutzingen, Marlborough ordered Lord John Cutts to attack Blenheim at 1:00 PM. Cutts repeatedly assaulted the village, but was unable to secure it. Though the attacks were not successful, they caused the French commander, Clà ©rambault, to panic and order the reserves into the village. This mistake robbed Tallard of his reserve force and negated the slight numerical advantage he possessed over Marlborough. Seeing this error, Marlborough altered his orders to Cutts, instructing him to simply contain the French in the village. At the opposite end of the line, Prince Eugà ¨ne was having little success against the Bavarian forces defending Lutzingen, despite having launched multiple assaults. With Tallards forces pinned down on the flanks, Marlborough pushed forward an attack on the French center. After heavy initial fighting, Marlborough was able to defeat Tallards cavalry and routed the remaining French infantry. With no reserves, Tallards line broke and his troops began fleeing towards Hà ¶chstdt. They were joined in their flight by the Bavarians from Lutzingen. Trapped in Blenheim, Clà ©rambaults men continued the fight until 9:00 PM when over 10,000 of them surrendered. As the French fled southwest, a group of Hessian troops managed to capture Marshall Tallard, who was to spend the next seven years in captivity in England. Battle of Blenheim - Aftermath Impact: In the fighting at Blenheim, the Allies lost 4,542 killed and 7,942 wounded, while the French and Bavarians suffered approximately 20,000 killed and wounded as well as 14,190 captured. The Duke of Marlboroughs victory at Blenheim ended the French threat to Vienna and removed the aura of invincibility that surrounded the armies of Louis XIV. The battle was a turning point in the War of Spanish Succession, ultimately leading to the Grand Alliances victory and an end of French hegemony over Europe.

Effect of E-Business on Marketing Strategies Case Study

Effect of E-Business on Marketing Strategies - Case Study Example Amazon.com becomes the first mover in the e-retailing market proposing a wide product range to diverse customer targets. E-business allows the company to connect customer service and good levels, increases customer satisfaction and decreases retention artistries. The main strategy is a virtual bookshop which helps the company to promote and sell its products to customers. Similar to traditional marketing, a virtual bookshop allows customers to review product details and analysis, read about the main characteristics and qualities. In contrast to traditional marketing, a customer sees only an image of the product. Following Archer et al (2002) "Various information systems can be used to process transactions, collect and analyze data. Technology-based tools have helped marketers perform their marketing strategies more efficiently and effectively in the traditional marketplace" (73). In contrast to traditional marketing, Amazon.com proposes a greater range of titles to choose from. Customers have twenty-four-hour access to book, table of contexts and reviews. They can order the book from any parts of the world and at comparatively low price. Also, e-business allows Amazon to establish a competitive price through lower transaction costs. Customer service therefore plays a pivotal role in e-business. Getting this role right, and to a standard of expertise that is superior to that of competitors and sustainable in the longer term, requires an in-depth understanding of the nature and nuance of customer service. Knowing customers means closing the loop between the messages sent to them and the messages they send back. The personalization of the service allows Amazon to create a core of brand supporters and increase its sales. Core information builds and provides access to the books catalogue (Turban et al 2004). The customer database also provides added-value informa tion. Core handling and processing maintains payment services between the company and its customers whether they be readers, publishers, resellers or authors. This function also covers shipping and delivery administration. From this configuration, the process of publishing and book selling became much more dynamic than the linear model that was the traditional industry model. The Internet has allowed each party in the process to interact with each other with more intensity (www.amazon.com). In contrast to traditional marketers, Amazon has wide possibilities to gather information about target groups and is able to make customer-specific recommendations, analyze their demands and needs. The customer database is used as a marketing tool in targeting existing customers and pursuing potential new ones. Amazon services (web-site and delivery service) are accessible for a large number of households and individuals. Delivering content gives more detailed information on an offer and goods; enabling transaction leads direct to a sale. Shaping attitudes can help build brand awareness, and solicit response. An advertisement may be intended to identify new leads or as a start for two-way communication (Archer et al 2002). In these cases an interactive advertisement may encourage a use to type in an e-mail address. In contrast to tra

Innovation,, Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Innovation,, - Assignment Example These computer-related programmes make it easier to ask ‘what if’ questions, make any technical changes or to add enhanced features to any existing design, with alterations in manufacturing made easy using visualisation and graphics (Lieu & Sorby, 2009). If consumer safety advocacy groups can be enticed to ask for this new technology, then government agencies tasked with road safety will be interested and call for early adoption. Other factors can significantly impact the adoption of this new proposed technology, such as the availability of research funding and the eventual equity funding to have a start-up firm. The adoption of air bags took thirty years from initial patent application to making it a standard safety feature today (Pressler, 1998). A special steering wheel will cost about US$25 and the heart-rate monitor will cost an additional US$50 (depending on the brand and model), so the two important devices will total approximately US$75 to produce or manufacture. The car alarm rigged to the heart-rate monitor will cost an additional US$25, a microcontroller will cost about US$100 and the GPS device will cost around US$100, so these four important devices (steering wheel with heart-rate monitor, microcontroller, car alarm, and GPS device) will cost a total of US$300, with another US$100 for direct labor costs for the installation. The entire device will substantially go down over time when expertise is acquired in making it, called the learning curve in economics (Jaber, 2011). A positive thing about this new technology is an expected reduction in car or motor vehicle accidents caused by drowsiness (sleepiness), sudden heart attacks or drunken driving (as a breath analyser will be incorporated into the device). People who suffer from hypertension will also be benefitting from this new device. In addition, older people who still want to drive will be safeguarded by the heart-rate monitor, which will serve as a health warning device for any ch anges in their heartbeat or blood pressure. Driving while sleepy is a very dangerous condition, but most drivers usually just ignore this sign because they think (erroneously) that they can still manage to drive safely while in truth, their reflexes slow down and judgment is impaired. There are many ways to avoid such accidents, but the only effective countermeasure against this is to stop driving (Surani & Subramanian, 2011). So, the heart-rate monitor is a preemptive device intended to proactively prevent accidents despite the judgment of people it is safe to drive when, in fact, they are putting themselves in harm’s way and commit errors posing them at risk. The foremost drawback of this new device is the cost because it will definitely add a significant premium to the total purchase price of a vehicle. It is worth noting this had been the same argument put up by people who oppose adding new features or resist adopting a new technology (Postman, 2011), but people have seen the wisdom of using safety features included in a vehicle in order to enhance driver and passenger safety. This is a common initial objection to the proposal (back then) of installing air bags on all vehicles, in which air bags were first offered as just options but later were made required standard features. It is reasonable to expect the same objection to the heart-rate monitor, and the maker of this device will have to undertake a serious marketing campaign to

The Way and Life of General Carl A. Spaatz Essay -- essays research pa

The Way and Life of General Carl A. Spaatz The name General Carl ‘Tooey’ Andrew Spaatz has become synonymous with the phrase air power and strategist. Air power has come along way since Wilbur and Orville launched the first airplane in 1902 in the city of Kitty Hawk. Famous engineers have taken the Wright-Brothers design and made great improvements to them while slowly integrating these new powerful means of transportation, weaponry and communication aids into the military. Since the onset of World War I there has been a debate on how to most effectively use these new airplanes in the Army’s collection. Most individuals believed that airplanes should be under control of the Army theater commander, while very few felt that these airplanes should be a separate entity from the Army. One of these few people who believed that the Air Force should be separate is General Spaatz. General Spaatz possessed perseverance, leadership attributes and military knowledge; all factors leading him becoming a substantial proponent of a separate Air Force. Spaatz legacy continues to live on; his leadership skills continue to influence people today as General Spaatz is still able to impact air power in the 21st century. It is no accident that General Spaatz is a proponent of a separate Air Force. Spaatz’s perseverance, leadership attributes and military knowledge would lead him to be a proponent of a separate Air Force were all being shaped, tweaked and instilled upon him during his early plebe years at the United States Military Academy (USMA) beginning in 1900. Looking back on Spaatz’s career at the USMA, one would not predict Spaatz to become the first Chief of Staff of the newly independent United States Air Force. However, these four years spent at the USMA were very influential, particularly in Spaatz’s development as a leader and his ability to persevere. While at the USMA Spaatz was very much a rebel and was constantly breaking the rules. Nevertheless, Spaatz knew he was smart, he demonstrated this by being ranked in the top half of his class. Although, as Spaatz entered his senior year, he felt he had nothing else to prove and began to slack off. Eventually Spaatz ended up being ranked near the bottom of his class. He went from the rank of 39th to 98th of 107 within a year. With the possibility of getting kicked-out Spaatz used his perseve... ...orce is grateful for a man like General Spaatz and the events that occurred in his lifetime. He may have been subject to coincidence, or even fate, but either way Spaatz’s leadership, perseverance and military knowledge is no accident. Works Cited Davis, Richard G. "Carl A. Spaatz and the Development of the Royal Air Force-U.S. Army Air Corps Relationship, 1939-1940." The Journal of Military History. Oct. 1990: EBSCOhost. 9 Nov. 2003 Davis, Richard G. "Gen Carl Spaatz and D Day." Airpower Journal. Winter 1997: Military & Government Collection. 10 Nov. 2003 Doughty, Robert A., and Ira D. Gruber. Warfare in the Western World. Vol. II. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001. 797. Glines, C.V.. "Air Power Strategist Carl A. Spaatz." Aviation History. Vol. 12, Issue 4. Mar. 2002: Military & Government Collection. 8 Nov. 2003 McNeely, Gina. "Legacy of Flight." Aviation History. Mar. 1998: Academic Search Premier. 8 Nov. 2003. Maj. Carl A. Spaatz. 7 June 2002. The Evolution of Aeronautical Development at the Aeronautical Systems Center . 8 Nov. 2003 . Mets, David R. Master of Airpower. Novato, California: Presido, 1988. The Way and Life of General Carl A. Spaatz Essay -- essays research pa The Way and Life of General Carl A. Spaatz The name General Carl ‘Tooey’ Andrew Spaatz has become synonymous with the phrase air power and strategist. Air power has come along way since Wilbur and Orville launched the first airplane in 1902 in the city of Kitty Hawk. Famous engineers have taken the Wright-Brothers design and made great improvements to them while slowly integrating these new powerful means of transportation, weaponry and communication aids into the military. Since the onset of World War I there has been a debate on how to most effectively use these new airplanes in the Army’s collection. Most individuals believed that airplanes should be under control of the Army theater commander, while very few felt that these airplanes should be a separate entity from the Army. One of these few people who believed that the Air Force should be separate is General Spaatz. General Spaatz possessed perseverance, leadership attributes and military knowledge; all factors leading him becoming a substantial proponent of a separate Air Force. Spaatz legacy continues to live on; his leadership skills continue to influence people today as General Spaatz is still able to impact air power in the 21st century. It is no accident that General Spaatz is a proponent of a separate Air Force. Spaatz’s perseverance, leadership attributes and military knowledge would lead him to be a proponent of a separate Air Force were all being shaped, tweaked and instilled upon him during his early plebe years at the United States Military Academy (USMA) beginning in 1900. Looking back on Spaatz’s career at the USMA, one would not predict Spaatz to become the first Chief of Staff of the newly independent United States Air Force. However, these four years spent at the USMA were very influential, particularly in Spaatz’s development as a leader and his ability to persevere. While at the USMA Spaatz was very much a rebel and was constantly breaking the rules. Nevertheless, Spaatz knew he was smart, he demonstrated this by being ranked in the top half of his class. Although, as Spaatz entered his senior year, he felt he had nothing else to prove and began to slack off. Eventually Spaatz ended up being ranked near the bottom of his class. He went from the rank of 39th to 98th of 107 within a year. With the possibility of getting kicked-out Spaatz used his perseve... ...orce is grateful for a man like General Spaatz and the events that occurred in his lifetime. He may have been subject to coincidence, or even fate, but either way Spaatz’s leadership, perseverance and military knowledge is no accident. Works Cited Davis, Richard G. "Carl A. Spaatz and the Development of the Royal Air Force-U.S. Army Air Corps Relationship, 1939-1940." The Journal of Military History. Oct. 1990: EBSCOhost. 9 Nov. 2003 Davis, Richard G. "Gen Carl Spaatz and D Day." Airpower Journal. Winter 1997: Military & Government Collection. 10 Nov. 2003 Doughty, Robert A., and Ira D. Gruber. Warfare in the Western World. Vol. II. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001. 797. Glines, C.V.. "Air Power Strategist Carl A. Spaatz." Aviation History. Vol. 12, Issue 4. Mar. 2002: Military & Government Collection. 8 Nov. 2003 McNeely, Gina. "Legacy of Flight." Aviation History. Mar. 1998: Academic Search Premier. 8 Nov. 2003. Maj. Carl A. Spaatz. 7 June 2002. The Evolution of Aeronautical Development at the Aeronautical Systems Center . 8 Nov. 2003 . Mets, David R. Master of Airpower. Novato, California: Presido, 1988.

Research Proposal Essay

This research project is entitled ‘Safe pedestrian practices: the perception of children in Sri Lanka’. Road traffic accidents are one of leading causes of death amongst child pedestrians in low-income countries. Despite this, little research has been done into effective interventions to reduce child mortality in these countries. This study aims to provide original and useful data from Colombo, Sri Lanka which will help in the development of new or existing road safety interventions and education, particularly in relation to child knowledge and perception. The method of research involves recruiting school children aged 8-9 years from the Holy Family Convent and St. Peter’s College schools situated on Galle road, Colombo. These schools have been selected as they have similar location, one being a girls school, the other a boys school. The first part of the study involves a draw and write technique where the children will be asked to draw a picture of themselves crossing Galle road, the main road by their school. They will then be given a piece of paper with the instruction ‘tell me what you have drawn and why’. Six children from each class will be then purposively selected to take part in a focus group. Content analysis will be used when analysing this section of the results. Finally I will carry out a two day observation of child pedestrian behaviour on Galle road. Behaviour of the children will be compared using the UK’s Green Cross Code. It is estimated that the research will take approximately four weeks to complete. This includes, recruiting and gaining consent from the participants, carrying out the draw and write activity, completing two focus groups and carrying out the observational study. The estimated cost of this research  £1163. Background Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with 86% of deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries despite accounting for only 40% of motor vehicles[i]. RTAs are the overriding cause of child injuries killing approximately 180 000 children under 15 each year. Children are rarely the cause of road traffic accidents but suffer as pedestrians, cyclists and passengers[ii]. Lack of research in low-income countries has meant a slow introduction of effective intervention strategies to reduce the mortality rates. Many factors are accountable for the high RTA rates in low-income countries including impaired driving, lack of enforcement and vehicle type. However the most significant differences found in low-income countries are the wide variation in road vehicles and the high number of vulnerable road users. The mixture of road users including pedestrians, bicycles, handcarts, mopeds, rickshaws, motorcycles, vans, cars, trucks and buses means that schemes to combat this problem have not been required in the same extent in high-income countries and therefore local research is needed[iii]. Child pedestrians account for a large proportion of vulnerable road users. The high number of pedestrian and cyclist casualties in these countries reflects not only their inherent vulnerability but also insufficient attention to their needs in policy-making3. A study in Pakistan observed 250 pedestrians in the top 10 risk areas for pedestrian RTAs in Karachi. They observed walking and crossing the road and walking on the pavement. Only 60% of the pedestrians looked left and right before crossing. 52% crossed the street less than 2 seconds before a vehicle passed the point they had just crossed. 35% caused the traffic to swerve to avoid the observed pedestrian. Of the 250 pedestrians observed walking on the street edge, 82% had a pavement available to them but were not using it[iv]. Of the pedestrians using pavements 28% encountered an encroachment and 84% of these stepped on to the street to avoid it. Among those who were observed stepping on the road from the sidewalk, 66% did not look out for oncoming traffic4. Possible study limitations were that only pedestrian behaviour was studied, not actual accidents and the study sites were the top ten risk sites for RTAs in Karachi so may not be transferable to other situations. The advantage of this data is that it was carried out in a low-income country which means the findings can be drawn on for other settings. Policy changes such as restricting the amount of pavement space being used by stalls or shops and publicity to highlight the danger of such behaviour along with the important of observation when crossing roads may make a large difference to fatality rates. Risk perception has been widely studied as a risk factor for injuries however literature relating to child pedestrian safety is seriously lacking. Zeedyk et al[v] carried out research on children who had been taught a programme of road safety. They carried out two studies, both focussing on the skill of finding a safe place to cross the road. Firstly they tested the effect of the programme in improving knowledge and secondly whether the children transferred their knowledge to change their behaviour in a traffic environment. Initial results encouragingly showed that the interventions were effective in increasing the children’s knowledge of safe and dangerous places to cross roads and that this information was retained for six months. The second study however showed that this knowledge did not influence behaviour and that those children who had received knowledge on safety when crossing roads behaved no differently from those children who had receive no information whatsoever. That is the children were not applying the knowledge they had displayed during pre-testing5. The study’s main limitation is that it does not allow any further information on why the children didn’t apply their knowledge in the real situation, only that they didn’t. Research in Australia[vi] into the parental risk perceptions of childhood pedestrian road safety found that cultural risk factors significantly affected risk perception and safety behaviour. The results showed that Chinese and Arabic speaking parents perceived the road environment to be significantly less risky to their children than parents from the other two language groups. One significant limitation of this study is that assumptions were made that the language spoken by an individual was closely linked to their cultural make-up. Since the main finding was the differences between perceptions from different cultural groups it seems important that this factor is reliable. Despite this, this study reinforces the need for local research from which local interventions can be implemented. As described there is very little research on road safety in low-income countries, particularly regarding the safety of child pedestrians. Intervention strategies to help reduce child pedestrian mortality can only be implemented if the factors underlying the increasing rates are established. It is hoped this study will help to describe the behaviour and perceptions of children in a named area in Sri Lanka regarding safe pedestrian practice. The study will help build on existing knowledge of child pedestrian safety but provide an original and detailed description of the behaviour and perceptions of Sri Lankan children in a defined area. The data produced from this study will identify the knowledge and behaviour of child pedestrians, what they perceive to be safe practices and why they think this. This study anticipates highlighting the importance of child perception in safety behaviours. Child perceptions should be taken into account when considering the design of safety education programmes and road safety interventions. Research Question The background literature shows a clear gap in research into the behaviour, knowledge and perceptions of child pedestrians in low-income countries. The research question for this study is: Child pedestrian fatalities: the accountability of child perceptions in Sri Lanka The aim of this study is to discover the perceptions children in Sri Lanka have regarding road safety and specifically related to their own safety as pedestrians which may influence their risk of being involved in a RTA. The results of this study will enable a greater understanding of how a defined group of children in Colombo, Sri Lanka use the local roads, what they know about road safety, how they perceive it and therefore whether they generally behave in accordance to their knowledge and perceptions. This was discussed above by Zeedyk et al5 who found the knowledge of the children in their study did not affect their behaviour. The objectives of this study are to: – Observe and record the road behaviour of children in the local area – Identify what the children know about pedestrian safety – Discover whether the children know why certain practices are safe – Make comparisons between what the children know about road safety and say they are aware of and how they behave in the real situation Detailed Research Proposal pedestrian injury Children are particularly vulnerable to pedestrian death because they are exposed to traffic threats that exceed their cognitive, developmental, behavioral, physical and sensory abilities. This is exacerbated by the fact that parents overestimate their children’s pedestrian skills. Children are impulsive and have difficulty judging speed, spatial relations, and distance. Auditory and visual acuity, depth perception and proper scanning ability develop gradually and do not fully mature until at least age 10. Method RTA death rates in Sri Lanka totalled 11 per 100 000 population in 1995[vii] with pedestrian accidents accounting for 45% of the total fatal accidents, one of the highest rates in Asia[viii]. The research will be carried out among children in Sri Lanka. The selected site is Galle Road, Colombo which is the main road from Colombo to Galle along the west coast of Sri Lanka and is the location of a number of schools. The assumption will be made that the majority of child pedestrians walking alongside and crossing that particular road are from one of the local schools. The study population will be girls and boys aged 5-15 years old attending schools in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Research shows RTAs predominantly affect those under the age of 15 [ix]. Schools in Sri Lanka are commonly single sex which means children will be selected from 2 schools, St Peter’s College, a boys’ school and Holy Family Convent, a girls’ school. Worldwide, boys are more likely to be affected by RTAs than girls so studying boys and girls may highlight important differences which could account for such a difference between them[x] [xi]. I was unable to find any research indicating which children are most at risk of RTAs only that those under 15 are an increased risk compared to the rest of the population. Research from Canada suggests children aged 6-9 years are most at risk and in a survey on children’s road safety practice several countries including the UK, New Zealand and the US identified those under 10 as most at risk[xii]. Research such as this in low income countries is scarce. Consequently I have decided to select the age groups 7-8 and 9-10 years as my sample. The methods being used in this study have been deemed inappropriate for children under 6 to carry out. Two classes of children, aged 7-8 and 9-10 from each of the schools mentioned year group will be studied, giving a total of 4 classes. Variations in ages might allow for difference in safety knowledge due to age to be identified. For example if the younger children perceive a certain dangerous practice to be safe and the same results are found in the older children this may indicate a problem with safety education or local road dangers rather than naivety due to age.

The Debate Of Capital Punishment - 1313 Words

Capital Punishment Introduction The state of California has carried out 13 executions since the enactment of capital punishment in 1992 (NAACP, 2016, 10). According to the NAACP winter quarterly report, there are currently 743 prisoners on death row (NAACP, 2016, 39). Since the enactment, there has been a wide range of political debate. The largest concern is in regards to the number of wrongful convictions and its philosophical underpinnings. The citizens in California are as diverse as their opinions regarding capital punishment. As a society continues to grow, and time passes philosophical, themes change as well. As with any type of change, legislation eventually follows. Philosophical Underpinnings The debate for capital punishment is a debate that can last for a long time. Deterrence and Retribution is the basic philosophies of many individuals who believe and support capital punishment. Many individuals believe that those capital punishments will help stop crime from occurring. Isaac Ehrlich reported, (as cited in Radelet Akers, 1996, 4), that he had uncovered a significant deterrent effect. He estimated that each execution between 1933 and 1969 had prevented eight homicides. Radelet and Akers conducted a questionnaire on deterrence issues. These interviews were expert criminologist and the questions originated from Gallup and Ellsworth/Ross surveys (based on their knowledge in criminology) (Radelet Akers, 1996, 6). The results showed that based on their ownShow MoreRelatedThe Debate On Capital Punishment1673 Words   |  7 Pagessocieties in history at least at one point of time or another. Capital punishment could have been considered a tradition of sorts, considering how often it was and still is made to be an intriguing, perhaps morbidly entertaining, spectac le. When the reality behind the contentious punishment is revealed, so is the true ugliness of this custom. 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The best description of the term death penalty is the legal executionRead MoreThe Debate over Capital Punishment Essay1025 Words   |  5 PagesThe Debate over Capital Punishment South Carolina, January 15, 1993. After wounding an Orangeburg, S.C. police officer with a misfired bullet, Thomas Treshawn Ivey, an Alabama prison escapee, proceeded to fired five more shots into the police officer from a handgun at close range after the wounded police office had reached for his gun. Ivey fled the scene but was quickly apprehended. This scenario is not to different from the horrible acts of violence that lead an offender to death row where