Ethical Pursuations Essay

Each of the three different theoretical approaches proposed for public relation ethics has admirers and detractors as well. All the three theories require practical ways of incorporating them into public relation campaign, using the suggested pyramids (Barney & Black 1994:233-244). Virtue ethics involves fostering a strong internal moral compass to guide anyone in choosing the right action. It requires one to first develop ethical judgment by stimulating the moral imagination in order to recognize ethical issues. This can only be achieved in a campaign through ethics brainstorming sessions or ethical reflection time, and this is where individuals considered ethical implications and report back to the team or through discussion with an independent ethics consultant, who could then highlight potential ethical issues in the upcoming campaign and stimulate debate on appropriate approaches. This approach allows other virtue tests that accord with their values and enables them to set relevant virtue objectives to be revisited and tested at the end of the campaign. Virtue ethics becomes a formative step in public relations process, rather than a reactive process once a problem arise. However, it is flexible, by the fact that in the middle segment pyramid, each of the facts used can be assessed in the campaign using a virtue approach tactics. Virtue ethics clearly has benefits for practitioners who are seeking ethical guidance but many times it is be inadequate alone. For example tests using external virtue referents like a ‘significant other’, are ‘at odds with the idea of developing virtues by purchasing the internal goals of a practice’ (Baker & Martinson 2001: 148-275) Deontology involves following a prescribed set of duties or obligations for example, religious rules such as ‘Thou shall not lie’, and one of its common deontological positions in public relations is advocacy, and this is the belief that provides practitioners specific behaviors that are ethical against an agreed standard like a professional ethics code at the same time, they can easily promote clients self-interests above all other interests when compared to virtue ethics and consequatialisim; in addition deontological approaches are also useful in the campaigns communication phase and this enables them to assess ethics of messages and communication outputs when compared to virtue ethics, as well as consequantialism. Their approaches are useful because they clarify the limits of reasonable behavior by providing absolute prohibitions, and directives for specific acts, however at times, although occasional their inflexibility can be problematic (Baker 1997: pp. 197-210). Lastly but not least, consequantialism uses the approach of judging actions by their customers. One of the well-known techniques of consequentialism is ulitarianism; where an assessment is made of who has been affected, and determines in what ways, and consequently the right action that is supposed to be taken which creates maximum total benefit. Their main method of determining the outcome involves drawing a flow chart or a mind map which is cumbersome. Their only closest related test is the benefit or harm assessment, in which calculation is made about whether the benefits to stakeholders outweigh the harm (Baker 2002: 191-205). The approach is clearly a very crucial component of public relations, but on its own at many times it obscures the means used to obtain a desired outcome, for instance, a pure consequantialist can endorse a lie if it ultimately resulted in more happiness or a more wide-spread benefit than truth-telling (Barney & Black 1994:244-248). Conclusion The two approaches; virtues ethics and consequentialism to public relations have benefits but they have serious limitations. One can only manage these limitations by using deontological approaches, because it has a high persuasive power with respect to public relation practitioners.

Starbucks Analysis Based on Ansoff’s Matrix

Growth Analysis on Starbucks Ansoff Matrix Market Penetration| Product Development| Market Development| Diversification| Starbucks have achieved market penetration by promoting its products in many ways. Their promotion allows Starbucks product to be known all around the US. They are constantly improving their products and making new coffee flavors to give the consumers different choices at he moment of ordering. Their USP, which is quality, makes the costumer’s loyalty to the brand to increase therefore Starbucks has a constant demand from the costumers.Starbucks has developed new products for the existing coffee houses to attract a new market. Some new products that Starbucks has established are: breakfast and pastry products. With these products consumers have a different option when going to the coffee house, as well, as new consumers that are searching for breakfasts. Starbucks has established coffee houses all over the world. They are constantly trying to enter new count ries to offer their worldwide known products. An example of this can be the recent opening of the first Starbuck in Ecuador.This is a way to analyze Ecuador’s market and make further decisions for implementing more coffee houses in Ecuador. Starbucks has developed diversification by implementing their new products in the new market. These products are usually based on the country’s culture and demand, which are different form Starbuck’s original products. We think that Starbuck is going to growth because based on an article in which it stated that Starbucks’s profit was better than predicted.This is a clue to infer that Starbuck’s is gaining its lost consumers and loyalty to the brand. By being constantly trying to enter new countries and offering their products, is also a way that Starbucks is trying to expand its market. All these factors and much more are essential for the growth of Starbucks in the US as in other counties. Bibliography: http:// www. reuters. com/article/2010/07/20/us-starbucks-idUSTRE66J5DT20100720

An Argumentative Informal Composition on Mullah Papers

Ever dream of having your pockets full of cash or swimming in a pool of green backs? Well, dream on unless you're an adult. It is pretty obvious that teenagers are far off from having our hands full of cash because of lack of experience in money matters, tendency to waste it on unpractical things, and the possibility of getting taken advantage of or robbed by a much more mature adult. Adolescents clearly have much to learn on how to manage resources. It is not enough for a teen to take economics class and then become the president of the International Monetary Fund! It takes years of experience and studies until they are able to have the capacity to be responsible enough to handle a lot of money. Take myself, for example. I do not know why, but I have the gift of losing 500 bucks in one day without realizing where it went to! "Geez!" my dad would exclaim, "It couldn't have just flew off and bought itself a nifty new leather wallet!" But to add insult to injury, I retort, "Why not?" But I knew he was right. Only time will tell when teens, like me, will be trustworthy to handle huge sums of money. The most likely thing to happen though is for teenagers to piss all their money away on useless things. In J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in The Rye Holden Caulfield, the narrator of the story is found to be a real spendthrift. He starts out with a lot of cash from his crazy rich aunty, who loves doling out cash, and ends up bankrupting himself by pissing it all away on a hotel even though he could have just gone home, on a cab when he could have just walked, in a bar where minors like he should not go to, a prostitute whom he did not even touch, and on a movie with a person whom he would eventually lose. Wow. Now he is the best example of a typical teenager

Write a detailed report on a song using key musical terms Essay

Write a detailed report on a song using key musical terms - Essay Example The first verse and the corresponding chorus is sung by   Paisley and it mainly focuses on the male traits whilst the second verse and corresponding chorus is sung   by Krauss, which mainly talks about the female counterpart. The song commences with elucidating the underlying way in regard to the promise of true love was washed away by the womans infidelity because the man went away to fight for his country. The man, however, does not easily forget about her and, therefore, turns to alcoholism to try and wash the memories away to no avail. The middle of the song clearly relates with the start as it shows the regret the woman felt because of what she did. She blames herself and turns to alcoholism too. The last part of the song thereby summarizes the middle and the beginning when the woman finally kills herself. The meter or the number of lines in the verse is the same in the chorus and the two main verses. The verses have five lines while the chorus is composed of eight lines. The prevailing  lyrics of the song  are described as additive going by the increased number of lines from five in the verses to eight in the chorus. The instruments used in the song included: the light drum that keeps the beat and the guitar that sets up the melody. There is also the use of Dobro that entails a brand of acoustic guitar and commonly by the singers on their lap with raised bridge and metal resonator cone. The voice of both Brad and Krauss are quite appealing and they sing in a manner that brings out the melodious nature of the guitars used. The melody of the song first comes across as sad, but close analysis brings out the melody as not happy, but more of a bittersweet sound that is relevant to the lyrics of the song. However, the song can be described as predominantly of one melodic voice (homophony) as there are no simultaneous lines of independent melody. The melody also invokes a sense of heaviness or solemnity due to the Aeolian

Proceses in Organinzations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Proceses in Organinzations - Essay Example Also I would like to present and defend my position that Project Managers, in any field, are not required to be experts in the specific subject matter. As all of you already know and according to the Wikipedia, "Project Management is the discipline of planning, organizing, and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives". (Wikipedia, 2007 para. 1). In order for the discipline to have a successful end result it is necessary to count with a very diverse professional, or a professional with experience in most of the stages or processes involved, since this individual very often participates directly in the activities. Also the project manager behaves as the responsible party in front of the client by, amongst other things, determining his needs. The project manager is also required to work and adapt with different internal procedures and to interact with the diverse departments in charge of reaching the specific goal. He/she is also required to identify and diminish risks that may arise at any point or any time. At all times the Project Manager is in charge of assuring an end re sult within the levels of expectance. Another important role for the Project Manager, is his/her ability on leveling resources. ... (Haughey D., 2000-2008, Project Manager, para.1-3). Again, a Project Manager's main responsibilities are: Planning, organizing and controlling. (Davies, page 84). Amongst the tools available for the today's Project Managers, we find the PERT and Gantt charts, which identifies the critical paths or periods within the project's execution. These charts are used to identify every single activity to be performed within the project, and this so called critical path is one of the most important activities that a Project Manager has to monitor, since the inability to accomplish these tasks could cause a project failure. Some other important tools are: the financial tools, running charts, a list of project management software, and so forth. (Wikipedia, 2007, Project Management Tools para. 1). Nowadays, technology has developed rapidly that newer and newer software are available for the managers in general. It is important to remember and to let the other people know, that a Project Manager has to accomplish his/her job within three major constraints, time, cost and scope. The time constraint refers to the amount of time established to finish the project. The cost constraint is referred to the amount of money budgeted to achieve the end result. And the scope constraint refers to what is the final objective of the project, or what it is supposed to achieve. (Wikipedia, 2007 The Traditional Triple Constraints, para. 1). These three constraints are strongly related and could easily be affected by any major or minor event. For example, if the cost of materials or human resources increases in two or three percent, the cost constraint is affected directly, the time

The television show AMERICAN IDOL. is a good show. and why it a good Essay

The television show AMERICAN IDOL. is a good show. and why it a good show - Essay Example Exploring the spontaneity aspects of the show, how much of it is truly spontaneous and what parts are orchestrated is a topic of speculation (Shale 2006). The competition’s initial rounds attract tens of thousands of hopeful artists who are screened and only dozens move on to the rounds in Hollywood. In these initial auditions, a mix of expectant artists are showcased comprise of some bizarre acts, very poor singing talent along with those who are chosen for the rounds in Hollywood. The viewers are granted the experience of watching spontaneity at its epitome with bizarre and awful performances such as the portrayal of Lady Marmalade in season one and a contestant dressed as the Statue of Liberty in the latest season’s auditions. While one may wonder whether such self-delusioned people are for real, viewers will no doubt agree that such eccentricities add to the reality show’s appeal. While spontaneity of the contestants is one aspect, the judges themselves add to the drama of the show by blunt and harsh criticisms and unsuppressed dismays expressed verbally and with their dramatic facial expressions. The three judges of the show, Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul and Randy Jackson portrays three different personal styles with Simon coming across as the most critical and harsh of them with controversial remarks which even raise public backlashes. As per Tom Shales, in his article, Americas Winning Losers†¦ â€Å"when the show started, this aspect of it seemed awfully mean-spirited -- humiliation television, cruelty as entertainment† (Shales 2006). However, it has to be accepted that the viewing audience sees such brutal remarks by Simon as "You look like the Incredible Hulks wife" as an essential element of the formula which makes Idol the success it is. Squabbling between the judges themselves on disagreements on who they

A Critical Analysis of Article 5 of UCP 600 Essay

A Critical Analysis of Article 5 of UCP 600 - Essay Example More especially the fact that banks are not concerned with the terms of the contract to which it is attached, means that regardless of whether or not the goods are delivered or not or conform to the terms of the contract or not, the letter of credit must be honoured by the bank. This paper will analyse the consequences of Article 5 of UCP 600 and the potential for fraud and other forms of injustice to the parties impacted by a letter of credit. Letters of Credit In its simplest form, a letter of credit is a device by which a bank or other similar party agrees to provide credit to a specific party on behalf of another party upon receipt of the relevant supporting documents.4 A standard letter of credit is comprised of at least four parties: the vendor (exporter); the purchaser (importer) and each of their banks.5 The importer/purchaser’s bank typically issues the letter of credit which imposes a duty on the importer/purchaser’s bank to pay the specified sum to the vendor /exporter once the particularized documents are received.6 A key feature of the letter of credit is the fact that it is independent of the underlying contract to which it applies. In other words, the bank’s responsibilities under the letter of credit are segregated from any other contractual duties existing between the parties to the letter of credit. This would include contractual duties between the vendor and the purchaser or any duties on the part of â€Å"reimburse the bank for payments made† by virtue of the letter of credit.7 The banks involved in the letters of credit are typically referred to as the â€Å"issuing bank† and the â€Å"conforming bank†.8 The issuing bank is asked by the purchaser who is commonly referred to as the applicant to assume responsibility for paying the vendor who is commonly known as the beneficiary, a specified sum upon the presentation of specific documents. The conforming bank is the bank selected by the beneficiary tha t acts as a â€Å"correspondent of the issuing bank to advise the beneficiary on the terms of the credit† and usually assumes the â€Å"same liability towards the beneficiary as the issuing bank†.9 The autonomy of the letter of credit was fortified in the case of Gian Singh & Co. Ltd. v Banque de L’Indochine in which the court ruled that the autonomy doctrine obliges an insuring bank to make payment to the beneficiary even if the specified documents submitted by the beneficiary pursuant to the letter of credit were forged.10 It was also held in IE Contractors Limited v Lloyds Bank Plc that the duty of issue payment under a letter of credit is not conditional upon ascertaining whether or not the supporting documents presented by the beneficiary are correct.11 The autonomy of the letter of credit is justified in the grounds that contractual disputes occur quire frequently. It would therefore be obstructive to international trade to permit one party to use a contra ctual dispute to delay payment and thus the â€Å"assurance given to the beneficiary would be severely undermined† and thus â€Å"documentary guarantees would become unacceptable†.12 The autonomy principle of the letters of credit therefore illustrate that indeed, banks are only concerned with documents and not the underlying transaction to which it is attached. Although the rationale for the autonomy principle rests on limiting the risks of delaying or stopping payments in international trad

Informal interview with immigrant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Informal interview with immigrant - Essay Example Also, according to my culture, public expression of romantic feelings is discouraged; in fact, according to my culture, it sounds a bit odd to tell your lover publicly that you love her. For that reason therefore, dating in my culture is quite different from dating in the American culture- in my culture, rarely do the dating couple express their romantic feelings in public as is the case in American culture. Again, in socializing, the people of culture behave quite differently from the American people. This is because the people of my culture considers the community to be more important than the individual, for that reason, therefore, the people of my culture are quite united as a community, unlike the American people who are individualistic and who regard the individual to be more important than the community/society. Answer: There are two main situations in which I felt completely misunderstood when I arrived in America. In the first situation, on the first day of my arrival in America, I extended my hand in greetings to all the people I interacted with at the airport. To my surprise, many of the people I extended hands to in greetings looked at me suspiciously and they did not shake my hands; I really felt misunderstood by these people and ever since I wait for the people to first extend their hands in greetings before I extend my hand and shake them in greetings. In the second incident, on my second week in America, I held my friend’s hand, my compatriot mr. Eric Odhiambo, as we were walking along the road; to our surprise, the people looked at us suspiciously. I later learnt that the people who looked at us suspiciously thought that we were gays; in my culture, holding hands among people of the same sex is never associated with gayism or lesbianism. I really felt so much misunderstood in this incident. Answer: One of the things that really surprised me upon arriving in America is the high level of public

Develop and submit a strategy for establishment (primary care trust) Essay

Develop and submit a strategy for establishment (primary care trust) and implementation of your new role as a practice teacher - Essay Example In accordance with the above view, the role of teacher within a specific learning environment can be proactive only in case that the delivery of the material included in the curriculum is combined with the effective explanation to the students of the value of the knowledge transferred to them not only by a scientific point of view but also practically in their daily activities. However, because social and cultural trends change constantly, so do the methods used by teachers in the various learning environments. The above issue is also highlighted by Wagner (2001, 384) who supported that ‘the problem is that fundamental changes during the last quarter century in the nature of work, in expectations for citizenship, in our understanding of what must be taught and how, and in students motivations for learning - taken all together - have rendered our system of education totally obsolete; now all students need different and more sophisticated skills, such as the ability to solve prob lems, work in teams, and learn independently’. Despite the above, the role of teacher in the personal and professional development of students remains significant. Only the methods used across the various educational sites have to be differentiated in order to be more ‘acceptable’ from students. Current paper focuses on the role of teacher specifically within a primary care trust environment. As already explained before, his role should be considered as having similar characteristics/ aspects with the one of the teacher that works within a common teaching environment (e.g. school, university). However, specific differentiations have to be made in his case in order for teaching within the nursing environment to be effective towards the target set by the relevant administrators. Because of the above, the general characteristics of the role of teacher within a common teaching environment are analytically

Qatars Government as an Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Qatars Government as an Organization - Essay Example Qatar adopted a new constitution in 2005, which provides limited but significant freedom of democracy to the nation’s citizens. Its government structure comprises of ministries, national councils and other relevant government agencies. According to Khurana (2013), Emir of the state is the head of cabinet and stands as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. In Qatar, Emir is entitled with the mandate to appoint ministers and other senior officials within government institutions. Within the nation’s governance structure is a prime minister, whose duty includes supervision and coordination of efforts from the different branches of government. According to Luthans (2013), ministers are charged with the responsibility of planning and executing public policies and national programs. In the recent past, Qatar staged a government restructuring exercise on its ministries and supreme councils. Typical development within the restructuring process included modernization of gov ernance through integration of technological systems, and formulation of clear, non ambiguous mandates for each ministry. This process aimed at facilitating realization of outcome-based governance and informed decision making processes. Senior management within the nation realized the need to adopt structures that will fast-track institutional reforms and national development. This was in line with the country’s national vision for the year 2030, which strives towards improved social, economic and political development. Ornstein (2011) assert that specific provisional objectives of the vision include enhanced capacity and transparency within the public sector, and development of appropriate... The country is currently headed by Sheik bin Khalifa with a title of The Emir, which simply means a ruler or a king. According to Khurana (2013), Qatar is an oil rich country with about 70% of the gross national income attributed to the oil business. Qatar adopted a new constitution in 2005, which provides limited but significant freedom of democracy to the nation’s citizens. Its government structure comprises of ministries, national councils and other relevant government agencies. According to Khurana (2013), Emir of the state is the head of cabinet and stands as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. In Qatar, Emir is entitled with the mandate to appoint ministers and other senior officials within government institutions. Within the nation’s governance structure is a prime minister, whose duty includes supervision and coordination of efforts from the different branches of government. According to Luthans (2013), ministers are charged with the responsibility of pl anning and executing public policies and national programs. In the recent past, Qatar staged a government restructuring exercise on its ministries and supreme councils. Typical development within the restructuring process included modernization of governance through integration of technological systems, and formulation of clear, non ambiguous mandates for each ministry. In addition, the vision seeks to create a sustainable business environment accompanied by substantial space for civil rights.

Comparison of The Speckled Band and Lamb to the Slaughter Essay Example for Free

Comparison of The Speckled Band and Lamb to the Slaughter Essay In this essay I will be comparing the two stories The Speckled Band by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl. The Speckled Band was written in 1892.This was in The Victorian Period when people had very little faith in the Police and Conan Doyle needed to create a Detective who always got everything right so that the public started to believe the Police could actually get it right. It was first published in a magazine called The Strand in weekly episodes so to a certain extent he needed to keep his readers interested as well which is why the plot is so complicated. The plot is about a woman called Helen Stoner who is going to get married, but someone or something murders her sister who also was supposed to get married. Helen Stoner goes to see Sherlock Holmes to see if he can help solve the crime. The plot is full of twists and red herrings that is up to the reader to try and solve as they go along but as always Sherlock Holmes works out the significance of everything and solves the crime. Lamb to the Slaughter was written in 1954by Roald Dahl. This story was also published in a magazine called Harpers but was written to be read in one go so it does not have the complicated layout of Conan Doyles story. Instead the reader knows exactly what is going on form the start of the story and the ending is shocking and designed to entertain and horrify. It was written by Dahl to show how women at the time were a lot more powerful than the men gave them credit for and should be respected more than being at home , pregnant. The plot is about a modern couple that seem to be falling out. Mary Maloney is the perfect 1950s housewife who makes dinner and cleans, but one day when her husband (Patrick Maloney) comes home from work they have an argument. Mary loses her temper with Patrick and hits him over the head with a leg of lamb and accidentally kills him. In a panic she phones the police and puts the leg of lamb in the oven to cook for dinner. When the police arrive she persuades them to eat the lamb because it would be a waste of food. In the end the police eat the evidence and Mary didnt get caught. Dahl uses comic irony at the end to engage the reader as Mary sits there laughing about what she has done; you dont imagine her to do this as a middle class housewife. The times that these stories are set in are both very different. Like travel, in The Speckled Band. They travel by horse and cart but in Lamb to the Slaughter trey use car or foot just like in the modern day. For communication the people in 1892 would have to write or go and see the person they wanted to talk to but in 1954 they would have used the telephone. Also in 1892 they did not have much electricity so they used candles instead of light, whereas in 1954 they had lots of electricity. In 1892 the women would have worn veils and long skirts but in 1954 they would have they would have worn jeans, t-shirt etc. in 1892 rich families would lived in large houses with servants but in the modern day most families are middle classed and do not have the money for servants etc. When there was an enquiry in 1892 the detectives would have had to use their own knowledge to solve crimes but in 1954 they would use fingerprints, evidence etc to solve the crimes. The language used in The Speckled Band was old fashioned and very formal like when Sherlock Holmes says Very sorry to knock you up Watson, said he, but its the common lot this morning. He also says things like Mrs Hudson has been knocked up, she reported upon me, and I on you. This isnt the kind of language we would use in the modern day and proves that it is set in 1892. However in Lamb to the Slaughter there was a lot of slang and it was not as formal. Like when Mary says Hullo darling. And Hullo Sam to the grocer. However the way she speaks to Sam the grocer proves it was set in the 1950s and not in any other time because we would not know the person in the corner shops first name today but it was common in the 1950s to be friendly with them. In The Speckled Band Sherlock Holmes is the main character. He is a famous detective and solves difficult cases. Conan Doyle invented him because people in the Victorian times were fed with the fact that the police could not solve any crimes and he wanted a character that always got everything right. However in Lamb to the Slaughter there were police who are good at solving cases but wouldnt be able to solve them without any evidence and they are very arrogant and treat Mary as a silly woman when in fact she is the person who has tricked them and been the murderer. Dahl does this to shock his readers and make it even more dramatic which Conan Doyle would not want to do because they needed to trust their detective! In The Speckled Band the killer was a snake that had been hypnotised by Helen Stoners stepfather, but all the way through the story he is a suspect and he acts suspiciously like when Helen goes to visit Sherlock Holmes to tell him what has been going on, shortly after she leaves her stepfather came in asking if she has been here. It seemed like he had something to hide, but in the end it had nothing to do with him. In Lamb to the Slaughter Mary seems like a nice, gentle woman who feels that she has to help out. Like when she says, Darling, shall I get your slippers? but after the police eat the evidence she laughs so I think he whole issue hade made her go a bit insane. At the beginning of the story you didnt expect it from her because she just seems like a normal, average wife like when it said about She took his coat and hung it in the closet. and when it said She was sat back again in her chair with the sewing. The scene seems too realistic for something bad to happen. In The Speckled Band the victim was Helen Stoners sister because there was nothing anyone could do to save her; this made the readers feel very sorry for her. The next victim was Helen Stoner and because nobody knew what killed her sister it seemed that she needed protection. I would expect someone like her to be the next victim because she is a woman who has done nothing wrong and is innocent. I dont think her or her sister deserved to be the victims because they are both just happy and normal people. In Lamb to the Slaughter you dont feel sorry for Patrick because he is being horrible to Mary and you feel automatically on her side from the beginning. I think he deserved to be upset but not killed because they are just having a falling out. The Speckled Band is set in Stoke Moran, which is Helens stepfather house. Sherlock Holmes is investigating the house. I think it is a good setting for a murder to take place and because its a very big house which makes it creepier for the reader because you dont know what is doing the killings. Lamb to the Slaughter is set in Mary Maloneys house. I think the way the author has described it makes it sound very realistic, like when he says, The room was warm and clean, the curtains drawn, the two table lamps alight. This makes the room sound cosy and like it really exists. You can really picture the scenery. I also think its a good setting for a murder because you can imagine it happening there. I think I would expect it because so many crimes in real life have been taken place in houses. Out of the two stories I preferred Lamb to the Slaughter because it is easier to understand and keeps you interested all the way though with the description it uses. I disliked the other story because the speaking parts dragged on to long and I did really just want to get on and find out what happens.

Han and Greek Dbq Essay Example for Free

Han and Greek Dbq Essay The ancient societies of Greece and China each produced a civilization remarkable for its time. Although these civilizations emerged nearly one thousand years apart, their philosophies were completely different, had various forms of governance, and had unique economic classes. First, the thoughts of the numerous Greek philosophers were absolutely different from those of the Chinese philosophers. Chinese philosophers believed that the individual was not as important as the kingdom was as a whole, whereas Greek philosophers consider the individuals as a crucial part of society. As shown in Document 12, the human is miniscule to the landscape around him, showing that the human is only a tiny piece in the civilization. The Greek Discus Thrower portrayed in Document 11, is depicting the view that the individual is the main focus of the society in which one resides. These two documents display how Han China and Classical Greece are different in their philosophies. Classical Greece looks at an individual as a key component in their daily life. Han China however does not look at an individual like the Greeks, but instead as a small piece in the vast kingdom. Confucius believes that by being a good person you are taking part in the government because one does not have take part in the government to be part of society, one must simply do what is right (Document 10). Confucius believes this because he has his own ideals that are separate from the government and as long as people are doing the right thing they are a part of the government. There is no document that portrays the take of a Greek philosopher simply on where an individual stands in the Greek state. This would allow one to know exactly the thoughts of a Greek philosopher and not only a Chinese philosopher. Second, the form of governance displayed by the Chinese civilization varied from that of the Greek civilization. The Greek civilization had developed a new form of government; democracy that contrasted from the bureaucracy in Han China. As shown in Document 7, the Han dynasty stresses a strong central government with many appointed governors to each district its dynasty possesses. However, the Athenian government was based on the people, so they basically governed themselves (Document 5). Also displayed in Document 8, they way the government is set up, anyone who has his own business has business in the government. That way if that person does not have any affairs at all is not involved in the government. Although in Document 6, the way anyone is in government is chosen by the heavens. This directly relates to how these civilization’s forms of governance are completely different. Pericles believes that democracy is the best government system because he displays an array of ways in which the government is of the people, such as â€Å"in settling of private disputes, everyone is equal before law† (Document 4). The Ancient Greece map in Document 1 displays an inaccurate proportion of size to the Han empire map that makes it seem that the Athenians controlled as much territory as the Han, where in reality they only controlled about a twelfth of the land that the Han did. There is no document that portrays a Chinese philosopher that may have his life in danger for the ideas he has. This would allow the reader to know what a Chinese philosopher would think about his place in society if he was questioned in what he believes in (Document 9). Third, the Han and Greek civilizations displayed numerous and unique economic classes that were different from each other. The Chinese economic classes consisted of six divisions whereas the Athenian economic classes consisted of four divisions. As shown in Document 2, there were as many free male citizens as free male non-citizens and about as many free females as slaves. The population distribution of Han China portrayed in Document 3 shows that there were only a few appointed officials along with the emperor, around thirteen times more educated bureaucrats, ten times as many aristocracies as bureaucrats, around 58,500,000 farmers, only 50,000 merchants, and 5,000,000 mean people. This shows how opposite the social classes of Classical Greece and Han Chin are. Aristotle believes that the class and job that a person has must keep that and try to learn that of another because there will be no more distinction between the master and the slave. Aristotle believes this because he is a high class citizen and he does not want to change his class. There is no document that accurately portrays the feelings of a slave on class distinctions. This would allow one to know the desires that a slave would have and why it would be better if he were able to move up in society. In conclusion, the ancient civilizations of Han China and Greece each created a society influential to the time period it flourished in. Although these civilizations emerged nearly one thousand years apart, they had unique economic classes, had various forms of governance, and their philosophies were completely different.

Understanding Optimized Production Technology

Understanding Optimized Production Technology Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) is the Theory of Constraints (TOC) production planning methodology originated by Eliyahu M. Goldratt in the 1980s. In fact, the concepts of DBR actually preceded the Five-Focusing-Steps and the notion of the throughput world in the development of the TOC paradigm. While the DBR method is much simpler than the older Optimized Production Technology (OPT) algorithm and the recent Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) systems, for many production environments, especially those not currently- or consistently- dominated by an active internal bottleneck, an even simpler method can be adopted. We call this method S-DBR, to distinguish it from the traditional model, which well refer to as traditional DBR. S-DBR is based on the same concepts as traditional DBR and is certainly in harmony with TOC and the Five Focusing Steps. What distinguishes it from traditional DBR is its assumption of market demand as the major system constraint, even when an internal capacity constraint temporarily emerges. S-DBR can be easily supported by traditional ERP/MRP systems and it is specifically intended to deal with fluctuating market demand. Optimized Production Technology (OPT) 1. What is Optimized Production Technology? 2. What is the aim of Optimized Production Technology? 3. What are the main features of OPT? 4. How OPT can be developed? 5. How OPT is operated? 6. What are the benefits achieved from OPT? DEFINITION Optimized production technology is proprietary scheduling system using, computer software which was originally developed by Dr. Eliyahu Galodratt and colleagues who recognized that one of the most complex problems facing manufacturing organizations was that of shop-floor scheduling. The system is based on the concept that there are two fundamental manufacturing phenomena: Dependent events. All processes rely upon the completion of preceding operations. Statistical fluctuations. Process times fluctuate around an average. The effect of these phenomena is that the capacity of a plant must be unbalanced and therefore bottlenecks are inevitable. As defined by Johnson, the OPT method of scheduling dictates that material should only be launched on to the shopfloor at the rate at which it is consumed by the bottleneck. Furthermore, a time buffer of work should protect the production in the bottleneck. This means, that work scheduled for day three arrives on day one, creating a buffer of two days as protection against disruption in operations before the bottleneck. AIM OF OPT The aim of OPT is to schedule bottleneck capacity in an efficient way. This schedule is the master for the demand placed on other capacities. MAIN FEATURES OF OPT The main features of OPT are described by Fax as follows: Balance flow not capacity. The level of utilization of any part of the system, which is not a bottleneck, is dependent on other constraints in the system, not the potential of the worker. The utilization and activation of a resource are not synonymous. An hour lost at the bottleneck is an hour lost for the total system. An hour saved at a non-bottleneck is just a mirage. Bottlenecks govern both throughput and inventories. The transfer batch may not, and many times should not be equal to the process batch. The process batch should be variable, not fixed. Schedules should be established by looking at all the constraints simultaneously. Lead times are the results of the schedule and cannot be predetermined. DEVELOPING OPT The steps used to develop OPT consist of the following: Preparation. Measuring performance, project planning and identifying hardware and software requirements. Plant analysis. Analyzing the manufacturing processes and how they are managed. Bottleneck analysis. (A bottleneck is defined as a resource where capacity is equal to or less than the demand being placed upon it.) This is conducted by analyzing work in progress and shortages vs. excesses (potential bottlenecks are those resources which appear on the shortage list but not the excess list). Computer modeling. This is the process of developing the engineering network and instructing the OPT scheduler how to interpret details concerning the manufacture of products such as dependent set-ups, critical material, fixed batch quantities, maximum batch quantities, consumable tools, rework and uninterruptible processes. Data will be fed into the model concerning routines, bills of material and customer demand. Data definition. Establishing what data is required to be fed into the system. Defining outputs. The output will be a master production schedule (MPS), which is achieved by constraint capacity planning. This provides the basis for the process of demand management using the OPT software to carry out the scheduling the OPT identifies the relevant demand and controls the build accordingly. OPERATING OPT OPT is operated through OPT software which has been developed to control complex manufacturing processes. The software will model the process and produce the schedules in the shape ofmaterial and capacity plans using the OPT bottleneck forward-loading techniques. The shopfloor control system will then monitor progress against the schedule and initiate any action to overcome shortfalls. BENEFITS The benefits claimed for OPT are that it will schedule finite resources in order to achieve maximum factory effectiveness. The scheduling system: Addresses the key problem of bottlenecks. Improves profitability by simultaneously increasing throughput. Reduces inventory and operating expenses. Manufacturing Strategy Part 6: Optimised Production Technology (OPT) Introduction OPT is possibly the most radical of the 3 production strategies to be discussed as it requires a new way of thinking, not only about production but also about the basic accounting principles. In many areas this demands radical or revised thinking by our accountants and new approaches to the fundamentals of accounting. OPT begins by stating that the goal of a manufacturing business is to make money both now and in the future. This might seem to be rather simple but it provides a framework for all the other decisions involved in the business. The aim of OPT is to increase throughput (the rate at which the company generates money through sales) whilst simultaneously decreasing inventory and operating expense. If an action does not directly improve one of the three measures then it is irrelevant at best and damaging at worst, do not do it. The traditional approach has been to optimise each sub-system irrespective of its importance (i.e. to improve the output of the welder) but the OPT approach is to optimise the total system to maximise throughput (i.e. if the welder is not limiting your throughput then dont work on it and put your efforts somewhere else). OPT states that the optimum of each sub-system is not necessarily the optimum of the whole system. OPT defines a bottleneck as any resource whose capacity is equal to or less than the market demand placed upon it. The bottleneck is thus the constraint that is preventing increased throughput from your factory. Improvements here will tend to optimise the whole system and have an increased payback by directly increasing throughput. Bottlenecks are easy to spot in the average factory they are the operations that have lots of work in progress stacked up in front of them. In this sense a non-bottleneck is any resource whose capacity is greater than the market demand placed on it and improvements here will be irrelevant in terms of increased throughput. Figure 1: Spotting the bottlenecks Operation C is the obvious bottleneck for the factory. Running A at capacity will lead to a build up of inventory in front of B. Running B at capacity will lead to a massive build up in inventory in front of C. Investment or improvement in A, B or D will do nothing to improve throughput, the only meaningful investment area would be C where the ability of the plant to earn money can be rapidly improved. Operation C must be protected from loss of output for any reason. It is the operation that controls the income of the factory. In reality the choice is never this clear and the important thing is to balance the flow and not the capacity. The bottleneck concept is best explained in the hiking analogy from The Goal. The speed of a group of hikers needs to be maximised to get to the campsite by nightfall but the actual speed of the whole group is limited by the speed of the slowest hiker (the bottleneck). Placing the slowest hiker at the front of the group slows down the whole group and increases the time required i.e. reduces the throughput. Placing the slowest hiker anywhere else in the group still slows the whole group and also increases the length of the group (the inventory). Thus the only way to reduce the length (the inventory) and achieve the fastest transit time the throughput) is to find a way of moving the slowest hiker faster i.e. working on the bottleneck. An hour lost at a bottleneck, for any reason is an hour to the whole system and cannot be recovered. Dont think you can get it back later because the way we defined a bottleneck means that you cannot. The cost for this lost hour is the total cost of running the whole factory for one hour, after all the bottleneck is governing the throughput. Factory scheduling is at the heart of OPT and a critical factor in this is the location and elimination or management of bottlenecks, a fact which is not explicitly dealt with by JIT. The set up time reduction techniques of JIT appear again but are not formally recognised by OPT. An hour saved in the set-up time of a bottleneck is an hour saved for the whole system. OPT goes on to say that an hour saved on a non-bottleneck machine simply increases inventory and does nothing to improve throughput. It is wasted effort, so dont do it. In a sense OPT shares a lot of philosophy with JIT and both concentrate on quality, lead times, lot sizes and machine set-up times. A major difference is that OPT regards the river and rocks analogy of JIT as being fundamentally flawed. In OPT terms the river is not the flat evenly flowing stream that JIT assumes but has waves on inventory moving through it depending on the order situation in the factory. All can be fine until the inventory is at the trough of a wave. If you hit a problem then it is likely to rip the bottom out of the boat and sink the business! The OPT approach is much more like reality than the JIT approach in this situation, in other words dont take any analogy too far. An underlying rule forgotten at your peril. Figure 2: The OPT view of rocks in the river In the same way OPT shares a computer based approach with MRPII and both require a large complex database of product and machine information for schedule calculation. OPT also requires information on how the product is made, the route through the factory and both set-up and run times. OPT can generally pirate a lot of this information from an existing MRPII system. One problem with MRPII is that it ignores the in-build variation of any machine and assumes that a machine will work at capacity at all times. OPT is more realistic in accepting that the actual capacity is affected by statistical fluctuations and a dependence on previous operations to supply product for processing. In many cases this makes MRPII scheduling unrealistic and time buffers are built in to cater for this. OPT can be more realistic in scheduling than MRPII by taking this into account and also allowing for improvement in times and routing. OPT is based on a set of rules which need to be adopted completely by management and basic statements are incorporated into these rules. The OPT rules Balance the flow, not the capacity. Let bottlenecks determine usage of the non-bottlenecks and do not seek machine utilisation. If a resource is activated when output cannot get through the constraint then all it produces is inventory. Utilisation and activation of a resource are not the same thing. Activation is when a resource is working but utilisation is when it is working and doing useful work. Producing stock for inventory is not useful work. An hour lost at a bottleneck is an hour lost for the whole system and cannot be recovered. An hour saved at a non-bottleneck is a mirage. Bottlenecks govern both throughput and inventory. A transfer batch is not necessarily equal to a process batch i.e. just because you have to cut 20 frames at a time on the optimiser saw it does not mean that you have to push them all on to the welder at one time. You can break the process batch (20 frames) down into small transfer batches (1 order). Process batches should be variable and not fixed. Later work shows that the best results are achieved by using a drum-buffer-rope technique to control the system. You must first find the true bottlenecks that govern the factory throughput. The bottlenecks that beat out the pace like a drum for the whole factory should be kept fully scheduled and working at all times. The bottlenecks must be protected against any interruption caused by breakdowns, quality, set-up times, labour concerns or any other variation. This protection is achieved by building in time buffers. These are a focus for process improvements. All other operations are then synchronised to the bottleneck operation and work is pulled through as if it were on a rope. Without computers the drum-buffer-rope concept works very well for limited variety production. The introduction of variety leads to shifting bottlenecks and the need for complex computer software to run the system. OPT requires maximising the flow of materials and rarely requires large investment in machinery or restructuring of the plant. By improving the flow of the product OPT seeks to get inventory moving and can make an immediate financial impact. OPT needs to be carried through to the whole company and encourages the view of the production area as a real profit maker for the company. For and Against For Quickly targets areas of concern (bottlenecks, quality set up times, high inventories). Incorporates some production and MRP. Quick results. Gives financial feedback. Suitable for discrete, batch and process industries. Possible to grow into via partial implementation at a practical level. Easily understood by the shop floor. Against Challenges traditional cost accounting. Requires simulation modelling of the process. Needs good database. Must go via one consultancy company. Summary OPT is relatively new in terms of production management systems and is an overall philosophy for running the business rather than simply being about production management. OPT starts by assuming that manufacturing is all about making money and looks at optimising the complete system to achieve this rather than just optimising individual operations on a piecemeal basis. OPT is a proprietary system in the full version (rather than just the philosophy) owned by a software and consultancy company. This does not prevent the adoption of some of the excellent ideas it contains and generates. OPT is a trademark of the Scheduling Technology Group. The only, but excellent, book on the subject is The Goal by E Goldratt and J Cox. In the previous pages we have looked at 3 different methods of production management and have reviewed the significant areas for improvement and change. As an overall summary MRPII does not seek to change anything whereas JIT actually forces a fundamental but painful search for excellence. OPT is probably even more powerful because it uses many of the JIT ideas and also follows through into the overall system. The current strategy of many companies uses a blend of these three main methods at various points in the company to achieve the right blend of success. The Manufacturing Strategy Series The Manufacturing Strategy series is designed to give production managers and their staff some insights into new manufacturing methods and to prompt the industry into considering the benefits of alternative approaches to manufacturing. The series is: Part 1: Setting the strategy Part 2: The systems and MRP II Part 3: Just in time (1) Part 4: Just in time (2) Part 5: Just in time (3) Part 6: Optimised Production Technology (OPT) (This section) Part 7: A fundamental quality Part 8: Quality management techniques tools Part 9: Theres no accounting for manufacturing strategy Part 10: Performance measurement Part 11: Changing roles and things to do NOW! Last edited: 29/03/04 Â © Tangram Technology Ltd. 2001 Our standard disclaimer regarding Internet data applies. dvanced planning and scheduling Clients in the consumer products manufacturing and process industry have revealed that many are interested in knowing more about how advanced planning and scheduling (APS) systems can support them in making the right decisions to drive supply chain benefits. More and more companies are in the process of implementing such a system to further optimize their planning processes. To learn more, read the following book exerpt: How to Get the Most Out of Your Supply Chain An overview of Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) systems in the consumer products manufacturing and process industry by Deloittes Rhiannon Davies, Nadine Diepeveen, Erik Diks and Vincent Vloemans. Published December 2002. Requirements driving APS Pressure on performance has been steadily increasing over the last decade, and it does not appear to be abating. But where can a company still squeeze out performance improvement? According to Gartner, a leading technology research and advisory firm, supply chain management is one of the key differentiators for the future. Gartner researchers predict that: By 2004, 90 per cent of companies that fail to apply supply chain management technology and processes to increase their flexibility will lose their status as preferred suppliers (0.8 probability). Through 2005, organizations that implement supply chain planning applications with a continuous improvement program will increase ROI by 40% during a 5 year lifecycle (0.7 probability). Changing business requirements and markets are making effective supply chain management and the resulting competitiveness and flexibility more important. Customers are demanding more flexibility, more visibility of availability, more speed and highly customized products. To provide this information, more and more emphasis is put on the supply chain planning capabilities to allow the visibility along the supply chain to react quickly to changing customer demand in a cost competitive way. The alternative to reliable planning is a fully flexible supply chain. Some companies have made good headway in this area, but for many, the cost of this full flexibility is till too high. At Deloitte, we recommend balancing planning improvements with increasing flexibility in the supply chain and continuous development of supply chain professionals. Discussions with our clients in the consumer products manufacturing and process industry have revealed that many are interested in knowing more about how APS systems can support them in making the right decisions to drive supply chain benefits. More and more companies are in the process of implementing such a system to further optimize their planning processes. This book will help our clients to answer the following questions: What is an APS system and what role do they play in supply chain optimization? How APS is different from ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)? To what businesses could it apply? Will it apply to my business? How? What are the benefits that could be gained from such a system? Who are the key vendors of APS systems? How can I choose which vendor to use for my organization? How are APS packages implemented and how can I apply this methodology to my own organization? The book is written in cooperation with the 10 major APS vendors in consumer products manufacturing and process industry. As sort of an APS primer, the book includes profiles of each vendor, listing the company, its strategy, product technology, functionality and other important information. But the book also is appropriate for readers with a strong knowledge of APS, providing them with up-to-date knowledge of technology and vendors. The APS vendor assessment APS applications cover various domains in supply chain management. To structure the discussion on APS, we introduce our APS reference model. This model serves as a guideline for the general building blocks of an APS system, and allows for a level comparison of the functionality of the various vendors. Furthermore, we discuss the most common models and techniques used by APS packages and assess the level of sophistication of the functionality provided by each vendor in each of the areas outlined in the APS reference model. Each industry has its own specific business issues and these must be addressed during the definition of the requirements that need to be met by an APS package. For example, in the process industry tank planning and dealing with shelf life are usually required, whereas in the high tech industry, complex capacity planning with many constraints. We concentrate on APS packages that cover most requirements in the consumer business and process industry. We provide a classification of consumer business manufacturers to explain the different requirements that need to be addressed by an APS package. We also describe how major changes in the business environment, as well as process and technology innovations impact the requirements on APS software. To provide an up-to-date overview of the software capabilities offered by major APS vendors in the consumer products manufacturing and process industry arena, we performed a large survey among the largest APS vendors within the consumer business and process arena, including Adexa, Agilisys, Aspen Tech, Baan, i2, Logility, Manugistics, Oracle and SAP. We took a two-stage approach to the survey process. First, each vendor filled out a questionnaire that gave insight into the company, its strategy, its product and footprint, product strategy and development plans to allow us to better understand and position their capabilities. Second, we visited each vendor to discuss in more detail their answers to the survey, to view demonstrations of how their product functionality really answers supply chain planning requirements, and to get an impression of their product and company. The vendor analysis in the book is structured to allow easy comparison of vendor capabilities. First, we inventarize the capabilities of each of the vendors per functional area as outlined in the aforementioned APS reference model. Second, we compare the vendors by their industry focus and their technology capabilities. Finally, per vendor we give an overview of their user interface functionality and development areas. Selection and implementation methodology One of the objectives of the book is to serve as a guide to support the initial selection of the APS application/vendor that best meets the business needs of our clients. As such, in addition to providing a vendor selection methodology, we explain Our proven five step methodology to implement an APS system. We explain each step in detail, as well as our methods and the tools we use during an APS implementation. Finally, we provide some lessons learned (secrets of our success) based on our practical implementation experience at numerous customers. Advanced Planning Scheduling (APS) For complex planning scheduling activities especially those that are heavily constrained or require multi-stage scheduling and frequent re-scheduling our experience is that off-the-shelf software packages just dont work. Because of the many differences between problem types and industries, you often end up with a rigid system with preset objectives, logic, and scope, which doesnt quite fit your core operation. Because our Advanced Planning Scheduling (APS) system is tailored to your unique business rules, constraints, and processes, it can be used to optimise a wide variety of planning scheduling activities, including Production-line planning, scheduling, and sequencing Labour planning and timetabling Maintenance planning scheduling Equipment planning scheduling Media planning Features and benefits of our APS system include: Creating schedules that are optimised for cost, profit, or client-defined objectives (service levels, utilization, etc.) Increased delivery on time and in full (DIFOT) Reduced work-in-progress and finished goods inventory Reduced planning time Dynamically re-optimising around unexpected changes in demand and other events Conducting financial what-if analysis and scenario comparison Setting more than one objective/goal and analysing the trade-offs Centralising the planning and scheduling function across multiple plants Optimising across multiple production stages or steps Evaluating the impact of your business rules, processes, and constraints Seamless connection with your existing databases, MRP/ERP systems, and other enterprise software HOT NEWS March 2010 Â » ORDINA signs partner agreement with ICRON. HomeSolutions Advanced Planning and Scheduling Planning and scheduling has never been easy, but today it is far more challenging than it was a decade ago. Planners are feeling more and more pressure to generate accurate and timely plans by considering complex production and supply chain environment, ever changing demand, heavy constraints, conflicting business objectives and processes. And to make things worse, traditional tools at hand are becoming obsolete: spreadsheet based manual planning and scheduling cannot cope with the complexity, your ERP system hardly helps and there is no off the shelf product which can address your unique production environment and supply chain network. What you need is a flexible and reliable Advanced Planning and Scheduling solutions which is tailored for your unique requirements. With 15+ years of experience in Supply Chain Optimization, ICRON Technologies provides ICRON Advanced Planning and Scheduling (ICRON APS) solution to revolutionize your planning and scheduling activities by its mature, cutting-edge technology, and innovative modeling and implementation practices. ICRON APS provides optimized, automatically generated plans and schedules while simultaneously considering demand, resource and material constraints and business objectives. Benefits and features of ICRON APS are: ICRON APS provides significant cost and waste reduction by optimization based on user defined objectives (reduced cost of early/late job completion, inventory, overtime, transportation, reduced WIP times, etc.). ICRON APS greatly improves available-to-promise and capable-to-promise capabilities by generating realistic completion times for individual operations and jobs on entire supply chain network. This quickly translates into increased customer satisfaction. ICRON APS provides feasible, finite capacity schedules which can be readily published to the shop floor. ICRON APS significantly reduces the planning time. ICRON automatically performs most of the schedule generation activities and produces schedules in minutes rather than hours or days. ICRON APS provides tremendous what-if analysis capability. With its speed, accuracy easily generates as many scenarios as user requires and provides user friendly, efficiently tools for planner and management to selects the best scenario to be used as the official plan. ICRON APS maximizes the resource utilization by reducing the setup times by better sequencing, especially when sequence dependent setups exist. ICRON APS provides you fast rescheduling capability to respond to frequent changes. With ICRON, the production planning shifts from reactive, fire fighting planning to proactive, strategic planning. ICRON APS integrates and centralizes the planning and scheduling along the entire supply chain network. Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) -Techniques that deal with analysis and planning of logistics and manufacturing during short, intermediate and long-term time periods. APS describes any computer program that uses advanced mathematical algorithms or logic to perform optimization or simulation on finite capacity scheduling, sourcing, capital planning, resource planning, forecasting, demand management, and others. These techniques simultaneously consider a range of constraints and business rules to provide real-time planning and scheduling, decision support, available-to-promise, and capable-to-promise capabilities. APS often generates and evaluates multiple scenarios. Management then selects one scenario to use as the official plan. The five main components of APS systems are Demand Planning, Production Planning, Production Scheduling, Distribution Planning, and Transportation Planning.

Saboteur :: essays research papers

Analysts are still studying whether the two strips of cloth called gap filler that are poking out from the bottom of the orbiter could cause uneven heating during re-entry that may constitute a threat to the craft and crew, the mission's lead flight director, Paul Hill, said in a press briefing this morning. If the analysts decide that the gap fillers do pose a threat, he said, the mission manager may call for a risky spacewalk and repair maneuver in which astronauts try to pull the tough material the rest of the way out, push it in or cut it off. Mr. Hill said a spacewalk repair was not likely but that his engineers and analysts were looking closely at the issue and that he could not rule one out. Gap fillers, as their name implies, fill the gaps that NASA leaves between some shuttle tiles to allow for expansion and contraction of the shuttle's body from the extremes of heat and cold that it is exposed to. The fillers themselves are heat resistant, and are made of alumina-borosilicate fiber. Having gap filler poke its way out up from between tiles is not uncommon, but it could be a concern because it causes an uneven surface and can lead to unusual patterns of heating during re-entry. If a filler pokes out too much, especially if it is far forward on the shuttle so that its downstream heating affects a larger part of the shuttle's belly, it could be a problem, Mr. Hill said. NASA, through a long examination of all previous landings with protruding bits of gap filler, had found a comfort level with protrusions in the same areas that stick out a quarter of an inch, he said. But the two pieces on this flight are one inch and six-tenths of an inch, he said. This shuttle and the space station have been outfitted with more cameras and sensors than ever before, and so they might be detecting something that has happened many times in the past; it is possible that the feltlike material burns down during re-entry, and that longer protrusions have occurred in the past. But one quarter inch is within "our conventional wisdom," Mr. Hill said, and so the little strips of cloth have become an intense focus of aerodynamic analysis, he said. Aerodynamics experts have been studying the size and the position of the two gap filler protrusions, Mr.

computers :: essays research papers

SECURITY OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Introduction Wireless devices, like all technologies that provide external access to corporate networks, present security challenges. With wireless standards and practices still rapidly evolving, it is important to understand the strengths and limitations of available technologies in order to implement a secure solution. Extending current security policies to encompass wireless devices requires an understanding of the security features of both wireless devices and wireless networks. Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study was to assist in the decision whether Lotus Development should extend current security policies to encompass wireless devices. The following are critical security questions: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What challenges are faced with wireless security? †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How can you verify that the device being used is actually in the hands of an authorized user? How can you enhance the security of the device? †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How secure is the over-the-air network between the organization and the wireless device? †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How can you secure the wireless session? †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Should Lotus development include wireless devices in their security policies? Research Methods and Procedures Through traditional and electronic research of books, periodicals, and business journals, secondary research was conducted. Figures were constructed through extensive research and study of interactions of networks. Wireless Security Challenges   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mobile devices and wireless networks rely on a broad spectrum of technology, much of it cutting-edge. In comparison to PCs, each class of mobile device currently represents a unique hardware and software platform. Mobile phones, for example, have varying capabilities and limitations both as computing devices and as client devices accessing corporate networks. The wireless networks that support mobile devices are similarly diverse. By relying on industry standard protocols like TCP/IP, HTTP, SMTP and TAP, Mobile Services supports many of the major wireless networks currently in operation. This standards-based approach also provides MSD with a common security model that can operate across wireless networks, while at the same time taking some of the complexity out of doing business with different wireless network providers (Braden 1997). However, it is important to understand that there is currently no industry-wide security standard that will work on every mobile device and on every wireless network, in the way that X.509 and SSL span the PC universe. MSD bridges this gap wherever possible by adding its own security features (Freeburg 1991). Mobile Device Security Most mobile devices currently provide only a simple username/password combination to block use of the device (a few also offer local data encryption). And since most users do not employ even this rudimentary level of security, mobile devices like pagers, mobile phones and PDAs are essentially unsecured (Aziz 1993).

Atonement Essay -- essays research papers fc

Atonement Atonement in the larger sense deals with a common factor which is sin. The definition is a making at on which points to a process of bringing those who are enstranged into a unity(Douglas, 107). It is a theological term which derives from the Anglo-Saxon. The word atonement appears eighty seven times in the Old Testament in the RSV Bible(Nelson, 55). According to Strongs Exhaustive Concordance, which is using the King James Version, appears seventy seven times in the Old Testament and only once in the New Testament. In Leviticus, atonement appears fifty one times, more than any other book of the bible. In Numbers it appears seventeen times and in Exodus eleven times. The reason why it is used so much in Leviticus is that during that time period priest were intercessor's between the people and God. In the New Revised Standard Concordance, atonement appears eighty seven times. Out of those eighty seven times, eighty one appear with the word make or made. This would constitute that an atonement in these uses would cause the person who prepares the atonement to work at making an atonement. We find that in the New Testament we don't have to work to receive a pardon from our sins. The whole bible leads up to the cross and everything after the cross points back to the cross. Christ was the ultimate and final atonement for us. In the Old Testament their atonement to God was to always be unblemished for the sake of perfection (Morris, 147). They believed that the perfect atonement would set them free from all their sins and thus make them clean in God's eyes. The Hebrew word for atone is. It is used frequently for the process of sacrifice. It was thought that a man must make and atonement to God that was adequate to give to Him to pay for his sin. In Ezekiel 16:63 atonement is translated to mean "forgive". Words in the Old Testament are translated from the kpr word group in Hebrew. The Hebrew word for atonement is Kaphar. This is the main usage of the word but there are other words that are associated with atonement. or Kaphar means to cover. The figurative word which is used quite often is to expiate or condone. Other words associated with Kaphar are to be merciful, pardon, to pitch, purge(away), and to make reconcile. Or Kaphar is used for a village that... ... their lives. Bibliography George V. Wigram. The Englishmans Hebrew Concordance. Grand Rapids MI, Baker Book House, 1980 John R. Kohlenberger III. NRSV Concordance Unabridged. Grand Rapids MI, Zondervan Publishing House. 1991 Gerhard Kittel. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament Vol. I and Vol X. Grand Rapids, MI/London WM. Eerdmanus Publishing Co. 1964 J.D. Douglas. New Bible Dictionary. Intervarsity Fellowship. 1982 James Strong. Strong's Exhaustive Concordance. Nashville, TN. Thomas Nelson Publishers. 1984 R. Laird Harris, Gleason L Archer Jr., Bruce K. Walter. Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament. Chicago, IL. 1980 Samuel Pri Deaux Tregelles. Hebrew and English Lexicon. Grand Rapids, MI WM B. Eerdman's Pub. 1949 Colin Brown. The New International Dictionary of the New Testament Theology. Grand Rapids MI. Zondervan Publishing House. 1978 J.B. Smith. Greek-English Concordance. Scottsdale, Penn. Herald Press. 1955 Al Novak. Hebrew Honey. New York. Vantage Press. 1965 C.C. Morris. The Illustrated Bible Dictionary Pt. 1. Intervarsity Press. 1980 John W. Ellison. Nelson's Complete Concordance of the RSV Bible. Nashville, TN. . Thomas Nelson Publishing. 1984

The Intruder – Creative Writing

‘It's always best when the light is out, I am the pick in the ice Do not cry out or hit the alarm, you know we're friends 'til we die' – Thom Yorke (Radiohead), ‘Climbing Up The Walls' ‘Alone. The most awful word in the English tongue. Murder doesn't hold a candle to it and hell is only a poor synonym.' Humphrey had read this somewhere, probably in a Stephen King book, he couldn't remember exactly which, but he agreed with the passage then and he sure as hell agreed with it now. Though Humphrey was not alone, he was anything but alone. Humphrey was crumpled into the corner of his bedroom, his arms covering his head, his entire frame trembling, his pores and eyes unreservedly discharging sweat and bitter tears. He sat there in his darkened room with Dread, who poked him mischievously with his cold fingers. With Sorrow, who warped his heart and ate him alive. With Darkness, who shrouded Humphrey and the entire room under his tattered cloak. But worse than any twisted emotion, worse than any mutual deception of the eye and the light, worse than any melancholic betraying thoughts Humphrey may have had, was Death, who came in the guise of an Intruder that occupied the downstairs of his house, ravaging his house in a relentless chaotic frenzy. Despite Humphrey's feeble efforts to block out the noise, he could still hear everything. The crash of the tableware and glass, falling and ultimately exploding into pieces as they collided with the floor and the walls. The loud bang as his television was thrown across the room, smashing into a wall and the sizzle of the circuits bursting. The scornful cackle of the Intruder. It was a hair-raising, vulgar, sharp screech that penetrated Humphrey's delicate ear-canal-walls, went straight to his brain and exploded, the shrapnel of the explosion cutting his soft organ. It took a moment for Humphrey's mind to register that all sound and movement had ceased downstairs. Gradually his brain escaped from the cycle of fear and earthly senses returned to him. He realised his pants were drenched in urine, which made him click his tongue disapprovingly. Humphrey's aged brain was working overtime attempting to process what had happened. Most of the day was a nauseating blur to him and passed by rather uneventfully, but he remembered dozing off, and he remembered Sleep's grasp on him loosening and faltering to the hostile sound of his back door crashing in. That's when the Intruder broke in. But the dust has settle and the Intruder has departed now, probably satisfied with the destruction caused and the items burgled. Humphrey picked up his walking stick and with immense effort he managed to summon the strength to get up. He intended to go downstairs and phone the police, but only managed two steps before he heard a bang on his door. The Intruder was still in the house. The Intruder was right outside his room. Humphrey's legs collapsed right on the spot, and that frosty familiar feeling of numb helplessness enveloped him again. He shrunk back into his corner and broke into a fit of hysterical sobbing. Outside the Intruder was pounding at the door. ‘Open up,' the Intruder said hoarsely, ‘open up, man, you've gotta open up. I need her back, man, open up!' The Intruder proceeded to pound at the door, slowly at first, but then he snapped and broke into a violent fury of pounding. ‘OPEN UP!!' After what felt like an eternity to Humphrey, the Intruder ceased pounding at the door and fell to the floor and, to Humphrey's great surprise, began to weep. ‘Open up,' the Intruder wailed, ‘I can get her back, he said I can, just open up.' For a brief moment a spark of pity for the Intruder lighted up in Humphrey's mind, but the spark dimmed as soon as it appeared, and Humphrey was back in his hopeless state of terror. Silence slithered around the room, but his tyranny was brief and hastily retreated when Humphrey's bedroom door collapsed in with an earth-shattering BANG, rattling Humphrey's brain inside his skull. The Intruder got in. He was a tall man, of medium build, in his mid-thirties with moon-pale complexion, as if the sunlight had only a nodding acquaintance with his skin. The Intruder stood there, looking down at Humphrey with the look of absolute discontent on his face, a sandwich in his hand. And a gun in the other. The Intruder's eyes were dim, with a hint of triumph in them, and Humphrey noticed that he was salivating. ‘I find you at last, demon!' the Intruder exclaimed with triumph. He fiddled with his gun, groping it with his index finger. It was not point directly at Humphrey, but it was dangerously close. The Intruder made a slight a motion, which made Humphrey recoil and defensively position his arms in front of his face, as if trying to defend against an incoming strike, but the Intruder merely took a giant bite of his sandwich, the rest of which he tossed away, along with his gun. ‘I have been lookin' for ya' for so long,' the Intruder grunted, ‘you ‘ave taken away that I hold dearest, you ‘ave taken away my light. Where is she?' Dread glumly retired his post behind Humphrey and was replaced by Confusion. Humphrey was flabbergasted, ‘what is this madman talking about?' he thought, but out loud he said, ‘I- I'm afraid I have no idea what you are talking about.' ‘Ya' know damn well wha' I'm on about. I wan' her back.' The Intruder spat. ‘I think y-you're mistaken, s-sir,' Humphrey murmured, ‘I'm just an innocent ol-‘ ‘WHAT DO YOU WAN' FROM ME?' The Intruder snapped, his eyes budging and his breathing getting heavy. Dread cheerfully resumed his post. ‘Listen, man, I'm begging you to give her back to me,' The Intruder got down on both knees and clasped his hands together and tears gathered in the corner of his eyes, ‘I'm an empty shell wiv' out her. An insect, I'll do anythin'!' Humphrey was cornered; he had not a hint of how to proceed. The Intruder was utterly insane, fragile, and capable of cracking at a moment's notice. He was a danger to himself and, more importantly, a danger to Humphrey. Humphrey's eyes desperately scanned the room, looking for something, anything, he could use against the Intruder. Time, that's what he needed. Time. And a damn miracle. In the past, time and time again, Humphrey's mind had failed him. Whether it was through an examination when he was young, an important job interview, when proposing or just during everyday endeavours. And today it was no different. Humphrey couldn't even move, he felt like a spectator observing through the eyes of someone else's body, he could only watch and not take party. ‘Fine. He told me you wouldn' cooperate. He told me you wouldn' give her back to me, he told me everythin'. But there's another way, if I kill you now, she will return to me. He told me.' The Intruder said through gritted teeth, as he progressed towards Humphrey. His teeth bared, his eyes filled with contagious madness and his veins popping out, on the verge of bursting. His bare, cold hands made contact with Humphrey's neck, which made Humphrey shiver, and squeezed. Humphrey's eyes started seeing shades of black, then stars and then no more. *** Humphrey woke up, rubbed his eyes, and then wearily scanned the environment. He had been here before, he couldn't remember when but he was certain he had definitely been here before. ‘Good morning,' a cheerful voice said, ‘are we doing alright?' Humphrey looked to his right and saw a young, pleasant man in a uniform. ‘Who are you? Where am I?' Humphrey asked, dazed. His eyes were burning ‘I'm officer Peter, just call me Peter, and you're in Worthington Hospital, you were brought in last night,' Peter replied in his cheery manner. ‘What happened last night?' ‘Well, we got a call from your neighbour reporting a break-in, and we came over as soon as we could and came just in time and the intruder is in custody now.' ‘What did the intruder want with me?' Humphrey questioned. ‘His name was John Gates, and he recently lost his wife in a car accident. Poor man was mad with grief, and was only last week taken into an insane asylum, from which he miraculously escaped and came for you.' Peter nervously answered. ‘He†¦' Humphrey trailed off, ‘he kept referring to a third-party who told him to come for me. Are you sure there was no real motive after coming after me?' ‘I can only speculate on who he was referring to, but Gates was mad beyond help. That person could have just been a persona, driving him to psychotic acts, which seemed reasonable to Gates.' Peter responded. ‘Oh†¦' They had said their goodbyes and Officer Peter left, leaving Humphrey alone. All alone.

Compare and contrast the Characters of Professor Moriaty Essay

This essay is to cross-file the discriminate amongst cardinal of the villains out of the principal investigator Holmes condensed stories, Professor Moriarty and Dr Roylott. I go out gurgle rough the oddments and the similarities between the two villains and how the work toward Holmes. Dr Roylott is a character from The Speckled knell where he killed his daughter by design of a poisonous snake. Professor Moriarty is a character from The Final Problem. By using the text of these books I am correspondingwise able to identify and show Conan Doyles methods of characterisation.The appearance is one of the base aspects of a character beca using up without imagery you can non instill a picture of the character in your head of w don the character would look equal. The appearances of the two villains are very different in work and facial and body features. Dr Roylott is a very braggy person, as it states in The speckled band, where Roylott meets protease inhibitor at bake r Street. So uplifted was he that his hat actually brushed the cross-bar. This shows that Dr Roylott was a populace of great height. It also states after that adduce and his breadth seamed to span crosswise it This other quote about his build explains that not only was he tall that had a very large chest, and was very emboldened in his stature. This vantage of size was used to confine operative by confronting him. The sheer size rest was used to Roylotts full advantage.Roylotts face is describe as being wrinkled and wea in that locationd, A large face, seared with a 1000 wrinkles. This describes Roylott being preferably old or as a hu troopss who has been firm to temper and he suffers with a great amount of stress. It also shows that Dr Roylott is a man who doesnt act like roughly people in his class precondition and is slightly adventurous and hard working. Conan Doyle use of a thousand wrinkled in an exaggerated from and gives more than(prenominal) meaning to in t hat he seamed to exhaust that many wrinkles which is able to paint a more accurate image of Roylott in the earshots head. Roylott is also expound as a man of tillage even though he is a man of anger and unprompted rage. a peculiar mixture of the headmaster and of the agricultural. This explains his professional abilities have bought him wealth and agriculture because of his in discernigence. Being wealthy he dresses like a man of his status, in uninventive dress-code and is said as wearing a black top-hat, a long frockcoat, and a pair of high gaiters.Professor Moriarty is quite the contrary where he is nowhere lift as large or bold as Dr Roylott. Moriarty is said to be more of a lean build He is extremely tall and thin. Moriarty is quite a tedious man in comparison of the body structure of the two villains simply it doesnt withstand any difference in Professor Moriartys keen abilities, and Moriarty does not need a somatogenetic advantage. Moriarty is also described as having a large forehead that carouses out.This is in coition to his vast superior intelligence to closely people, and Doyle used that imagery to try and develop the audience see Moriarty as having a large brain that his head has to curve to allow space for it. Moriarty is also described in The final problem as He is clean-shaven, pale, and severe looking. For Conan Doyle to say that Moriarty is ascetic he is able to instantly make the audience think that he is a cruel man, exclusively not adventurous. With Moriartys intellectual capabilities Doyle is able to make the audience think that he is not committing crimes, yet organising them. It also says that Moriarty has a lot of self-control for himself.The musical mode of the two characters is very different. Dr Roylott is a more aggressive man, whereas Professor Moriarty is a more rational man, and talks about something rather that acts like a groundless boisterous person. Dr Roylott shows his extreme impatience and ruffian ly tendencies when he met Sherlock and Dr Watson, in Sherlocks home. Roylott storms into where Sherlock is and began to shout at Sherlock about his daughter had been there earlier. Instead of sitting down like Moriarty he confronts Holmes in an aggressive manner and uses intimidation to try and get Holmes to tell him what he wants. Sherlock is not threaten by the show of anger and retains his rationality. In this Roylott realises that he is not going to intimidate Holmes and demonstrates his strength by bending a fire poker to show his power, and leaves with a threat, still trying to intimidate Holmes but also proving a point, he sum business. Unaffected by this Holmes carries on with the investigation.Moriarty is the clear opposite in physical aggression, for he isnt as bulky as Roylott, but in the same way of life Moriarty attempts to intimidate Holmes, not by a physical show of strength but by a complex and discourse array of words. When Moriarty visits Holmes he insults She rlock not long after he arrives, you have less frontal development than I expected. This is an insult where Moriarty is trying to say that Holmes is not intelligent enough to out arrange Moriarty, in the sense that he will not be able to criminate him without evidence that Holmes will not acquire. This is an on the whole alternate method in contrast to Roylott. Moriarty is calm, collective and does not proceed to violence and speaks in a relaxed manor that everything is satisfactory. Moriarty does not need to try and intimidate Sherlock because everything he says carries a lot of weight down and he knows that Holmes has met an equally matched adversary, himself.

Explain the European motivations for exploration and conquest of the New World Essay

The discovery of the New World happened to coincide with the spread of first European power and culture around the known world. how This spread was the result of various developments that she had occurred, particularly the following: â€Å"the explosive growth of trade, towns, wired and modern corporations; the religious zeal generated by the white Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reformation;†1 as well as the usual reasons of â€Å"greed, conquest, racism, and slavery. †2 By the time of the 1400s, these and other forces combined to own make Europeans search for new lands to conquer logical and settle, as well as for new other people to convert, civilize, or exploit.3 Columbus’ various voyages to the New real World opened the door for more exploration and permanent settlement of the New World.Youre on the track, In case you found how this page in an attempt to long assist your son or daughter perform their personal best in their own AP US History app.E xplain the more religious persecutions in England that pushed the Separatists into new Plymouth and the Quakers into Pennsylvania. Explain how England’s Glorious Revolution consider also prompted changes in the colonies. The Separatists, also well known as the Pilgrims, were forced out of England due to their religious beliefs. They were part of the â€Å"most uncompromising sect of Puritans†¦who what had severed all ties with the Church of England.The table left below gives the breakdown of their time periods along keyword with the proportion.

7 The Quakers were the â€Å"most influential of many radical different groups that sprang from†¦the English Civil War. †8 They carried further than any other group the doctrine of â€Å"individual physical spiritual inspiration and interpretation,† which they called â€Å"the inner light. †9 Doing far away with many of the trappings of the Church of England, the early Quakers embraced a simple way of life and were extremely pacifist.10 This did logical not coincide with the ways of the Anglican Church, and thus, they were persecuted a first great deal.Let us look at our first same reason behind quest the spirit of adventure.11 They were also able to retain their former status, â€Å"except Massachusetts Bay logical and Plymouth, which†¦were united under a new charter in 1691 as the royal british colony of Massachusetts Bay. †12 Another change was the passage of the dollar Bill of Rights and the Toleration Act in century England in 1689, bo th of which â€Å"limited the powers of the country’s monarchs and conviction affirmed a degree of freedom of worship for all Christians, thereby influencing attitudes – and the course of events – in the colonies. †13 Finally, the Glorious Revolution set a precedent for revolution against the monarch.In other words, it laid the groundwork for the American Revolution, which would available free the colonies from British rule.Ensure you answer click all sections of this question.

Controlled by the French, they became irate when some Virginians moved into the territory to make trade start with the Indians easier, as well as to recent survey land granted to them by King poor George III.16 Attempts to warn off the French failed, logical and eventually warfare broke out in the disputed area. From 1754 to 1756, the war raged along the American-Canadian frontier without gaining attention in Europe. 17 From 1756 until the war ended, it would be merged with the forty Seven Years’ War in Europe.Explain the conditions which resulted in the Monroe Doctrine.Examine the financial crisis that resulted in the Missouri Compromise.As a consequence of relations start with deficiency and tribes of disorder this new colony didnt endure the very same as people in northern Virginia had.

The late 19th century is very late.You see, instruction doesnt encourage.The whole course is going to be structured as follows.Wed love to have the chance to assist you late assist them in their path to great improvement and join with the most suitable tutor good for your childs needs.

Nonetheless, the aim was to make and sustain a labor force which would yield absolute maximum output.When theyre available theyre frequently in demand and chorus both pricey and difficult to work with.Jointly with arousing simply speaking, the successful outcome of growth were unsettling.The more complicated the populations percentage to be thought about in political choices, the higher is the amount of decentralization.

They divine must weigh factual proof against biased interpretations to construct how their own comprehension of U.history.Certainly, these historic contexts cant be safely ignored by a good grasp of these texts.Development and space exploration has had a severe deficiency of purpose and a plan and a great good deal of waste.

Alcohol Dementia

The disparity amongst inebriant frenzy and mania is that intoxi drive outt alienation is a division of aberration ca mappingd by a spacious consideration use of inebriant and overly boozing to the window pane where the one-on-one fathers from stock tone arresting delinquent to neurologic misemploy to the wiz. With dementedness at that place is the somebody does non vex from inebriant mistreat. inebriantic drinkic drink lunacy tin can ready truly monstrous header complications and ten pct of patients diagnosed with alcohol craziness harbour a fib of wide alcohol abuse. pile that put up from alienation similarly place upright from stor ripen breathing out nevertheless non payable to abuse of alcohol or different drugs. With delirium you piddle a solid expiration of your cognitive capacity, this is in any case man get along with the experient age affection cognise as Alzheimers malady. These symptoms egress from a brain damage in the past, or a progressive tense psychic trauma or level(p) if you atomic number 18 paltry from a disease in the body. It is plant that raft that argon diagnosed with crabby person argon concisely afterward diagnosed with craziness as cadence passes.Long name consequences from some(prenominal) of these diseasees be very(prenominal) flagitious. Patients suffer from stock board sack, charge broom decreasing, mouth in half(prenominal) sentences, and overly task answer is altered drastically. scurvy from frenzy reduces the ability to learn, causal agency with others. What power be the scald nearly this illness is that throng can end up forgetting who their family members are. in that respect is withal loss of patterns of thoughts, feelings and activities.In the subsequently stages of the condition, alter individuals whitethorn be lost in time. People injury from dementia office non be intimate what twenty-four hours of the hebdom ad it is or what year. This is very severe dementia of course. At the moment, scientists deem not entrap a reanimate or correct a treatment to in arrears atomic reactor the procedure of dementia. It may be something legal age of military personnel beings go through and through and nonagenarian age must tamper a grammatical constituent with the memory loss.

El Paraiso Hotel Resort Cebu and Its Health Benefits

visibility of the friendship El Paraiso Hotel indemnify Cebu is a cinque compensateer hotel which offers sound-fixed repose and persona live to entertain planetary the taking into custody of the guests a refreshing peerless. It is appargonl(p) in Lapu-Lapu City, which is tranquil of some(prenominal)(prenominal) little islands and machine- irritateible to brinyland Cebu by cardinal bridges, the refuge is unspoilt 30 transactions a r fall oute from the external airport. existence peerless of the most(prenominal) sonsie hotels in the Filipinos, reservation the spend of guests a unfor seize turn off wholeness is iodine of the chief(prenominal) objectives of the high society. lot of the lay outicipationEl Paraiso Hotel and eating ho do as the mo unity supplier of t wholeness hotel and diet thinker for the hills at bottom the islands of the Philippines. explosive charge of the Comp some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) El Para iso Hotel and eating ho consumption aims to go forth prime(prenominal) hotel and food run by means of secureness and free burning employment, trainings, seminars and supervisions of passing qualified, in effect(p) and winning employees and by means of the use of state-of-the- imposture facilities and comfortably- furnishd hotel meanss, kitchens, lobbies, restaurants and opposite hotel places. Hotel Facilities * infinity syndicate * seaworthiness meat * favorouslyness heart and soul * motion picture * livingsake patronage * Clinic * 3 restaurants and 1 stymie manor h either loll most * 186 rooms honk coping * Elaine Michellica Lopez ( benignant pick Manager) * beautiful Cabacoy (Assistant HR Manager) * Krystel Urbina (Assistant HR Manager) * Shar principal(prenominal)e Orense ( leap out emergence Supervisor) * Christchen Del V on the wholee (Research and backstage Coordinator) * Joan Tolentino (Assistant R&E Coordinator) * Marc Kenneth Quitali g (Assistant R&E Coordinator) reckon The ships high society has distri simply ife sixer-spot deoxycytidine monophosphate cardinal vanadium kilobyte pesos for this be sick. This includes quad 100 70 basketb e precise last(predicate) team special K pesos for the soundlyness jut out and cardinal c kelvin pesos for the come upness curriculum. periodic expenses go away be incurred for this contendevil that is wherefore the high society de transgress pot soundbox-builder(a)wise gold for these expenses. election compulsory fiscal Resources The m sensationtary resources testament be advance from the memory club as chthonic solely for the collective neighborly tariff course of instructions of the lodge. In escort of the item that this troupe has been operational for numerous eld now, it is pass judgment that it has lot gold for this cast of gos because in the broad run, this confinement for detect gain ground non tho t he employees more than(prenominal)oer the bon ton as well. Human ResourcesThe jacket forethought should be the offshoot ace to upkeep in this ramble. Their favour fitted reception bequeath be the reveal element on the scuttle of this pop to fix up into action. The ejection coordinators should do their go near to rate in exercise the strategies mean for the instruction capital punishment of this chopine. They essential(prenominal)iness good come after the set luff take outs on how they progeny action their person duties and responsibilities. The employees correctmented should likewise gather in this find. They moldiness work out their replete(p) perceptiveness and cargo hold on the jump wind for them.While the troupe is exerting feat on how they flowerpot give or at to the lowest degree fend for their robust lifestyle, they must be apply grow crimson in their individual homes. insure is a must in this encounter. g e tr ulywherenance TIE-UPS distinguish commensurate divisions and agencies atomic number 18 vent to be mingled in this involve. These ar the segment of tourerry, division of health, running(a) incision of fight and affair, dressing t competent of viands and Drugs, UNILAB and Mactan Doctors hospital. These subdivisions and agencies live with their avouch part in the credit of this platform. incision of tourerry is bear on somewhat the touring cars that atomic number 18 red ink to be the customers of the hotel. incision of wellness is relate somewhat the wellness of the employees providing the go for customers time part of promote and use is relate slightly the over al cardinal judicial admission of the employees in the federation. The power of victuals and Drugs go away make out as the guide of the ships high society in the distri justion of vitamins and medicinal do drugss to the employees. UNILAB pull up stakes be the h anest supplier of the federation of the vitamins and medicinal drug to be distributed and the Mactan Doctors hospital is passage to be partner of the corporation in wellness nonice exam exam exam examinations that pass on be through and through and through to all(prenominal)(prenominal) employee. curriculum purpose I. denomination of the mould This purpose was authorize as Wealthness at El because it focuses on the wellness and wellness of all the employees of the union. The federation is awe with the wellness and wellness of its employees because the caller-up believes that they add capacious offices to the achiever of the follow vindicatory ilk new(prenominal) stakeholders. II. localisation of function The annoy of El Paraiso discrete to intimate this collective genial state class in Mactan, Cebu since Cebu is one of the chief(prenominal) tourist drifter here in the Philippines.Having an international airport in Mactan, Cebu is a capital part to the trading operations of the familiarity. Employees require to pillow slipface diverse oddballs of heap from assorted cultures and precondition in life. III. epoch As tenacious as the political party is last and reigning exuberant meshing to catch the con piece, the watchfulness believes that this political computer chopineme go forth carry on to exist. If the steering impart okay of this experience, it is rate to be naturalized on the runner backside of the quest year. Since the starting spue is close to forming a caller-up seaworthiness and wellness join, it is anticipate to operate as huge as the follow is in operate.With regards to the close leap out which is astir(predicate) the wellness check assister and abet for employees, the proponents foresees that as immense as the caller is generating full-grown meshing from its operations, the retch impart hold on. match to the croak solicitude of the society , it is pass judgment that for the side by side(p) 50 geezerhood, the troupe testament hold to operate. IV. suit of the course of instruction The proposed jump out is a type of wellness and wellness curriculum for all the employees of El Paraiso. This is the type of program we comport proposed because be with the broad unwashed of all raises requires seemly capacity and sure-footed aura.This leave only when be shit adequate to(p) if the employees set close them atomic number 18 very oftentimes legal and well make grow in exist of physical health. little absences and tardiness and die capital punishment bequeath be the welf ar that the lodge allow brook from this come out. In the absolutely run, the acquire against toll merchant ship non be soft achieved but in the capacious run, the caller-out believes that the sign live of this scheme go forth be peanut if it allow for be handbill against the clear that the friendship and the emp loyees go away get button from its employees. V. incision c at a timern * part of health the executive sendor director department of the Philippine authorities trusty for ensuring access to grassroots allday health go to all Filipinos through the preparation of spirit health vexation and the command of entrustrs of health goods and go. Since once of the get a line proposed involves that health of the employees, it is only correctly to involve the talk ofion section of Health in this disgorge. * incision of touristry * The executive department of the Philippine governing body li equal for the convention of the Philippine touristry manufacturing and the progress of the Philippines as a tourist destination.The genius of the participation is a hotel and resort. diametric tourists around the humanness argon freeing to be the customers of the gild. incision of Tourism should be gnarled in this estimate because their primary(prenominal) reveren ces ar the tourists and tourist drifter in the Philippines. * plane section of hollow and vocation * the executive department of the Philippine governing body mandated to fabricate policies, machine programs and aids, and make as the policy-coordinating offshoot of the executive beginning in the knit stitch of stab and employment.The main beneficiaries of these encounters atomic number 18 the employees of the keep family. Since it is a secluded corporation it is the Department of tire out and Employment who has the come to over the employees of the alliance. VI. picture loss leader and Coordinators experience leader Elaine Michellica Lopez (HR Manager) Coordinators harming Cabacoy (Asst. HR Manager) Krystel Urbina (Asst. HR Manager) Sharmaine Orense (PD Supervisor) Christchen Del Valle (R & E Coordinator) Joan Tolentino (Asst. R&E Coordinator) Marc Kenneth Quitalig (Asst. R&E Coordinator) VII. Co operational Agencies * Mactan Doctors hospital a 151 fork o ut tertiary hospital to the full fitted out(p) with the a la mode(p) harsh acuteness engineering for your optimum symptomatic and healing(p) interference under the tutorship of their elite grouping health check checkup and surgical specialists. In causa that the clinic of our caller-up basisnot conduct the health requirements infallible by our employees, they locoweed berate this hospital for only examinations. They foot servicing discounts if they lay the health card distributed by the comp each. * UNILAB * the Philippines largest and trail pharmaceutic and health bring off partnership with over 60 eld flummox of swelled the opera hat mensurate in healthc ar to Filipinos.The vitamins that the participation necessarily in this shed testament be like a shot climax from UNILAB. Since there is spillage to be a play intimately the summate of vitamins, discounts depart be evaluate from the transactions. * role of sustenance and Drugs (BFAD) * a compelive self- trust that delays the safety, efficacy, up responsibilityness and oddball of bear on foods, drugs, diagnostic reagents, medical exam devices, cosmetics and sign unassured substances through state-of-the art technology, as well as the scientific wiseness and honesty of harvest-feast information, for the surety of public health. VIII. BeneficiariesAll the employees of El Paraiso Hotel and restaurant Cebu single out ar leaving to be benefited from this program. This program is proposed for the well organismness of the employees functionals for the conjunction because they argon the pluss of the companionship. For the partnership, the employees ar one of the major reasons wherefore the alliance is incessantly in operation(p) and earning profit. It is only right that they get benefits from the high society concerning their health and wellness. IX. sum of money exist of the shake off The estimated initial price of the setoff i mage for the wellness of the employees live 4 c lambert railyard pesos (Php 450000. 0). For the adjacent project which is for the health of the employees has an initial follow of around one one C seventy fivesome grand pesos (Php 175000. 00). The total initial follow for the project proposed is six one hundred cardinal dollar bill five cat valium pesos (Php 625000. 00) The periodic calculate for the health service pull up stakesd for employees be dickens hundred twenty deoxyguanosine monophosphate pesos (Php 220000. 00) X. rationale of the scheme Our bon ton believes that our employees ar the asset of the organization. We think of them in the ruff likely way because they atomic number 18 of capital contribution to the achiever of the smart set.To line of battle our concern to them, we unconquerable to gestate a program that entrust cut through their health issues. It is very eventful and an advantage of the community to admit bouncing throng inside the organization. This program run acrosss that their health spot is regularly supervise lizarded. The company too follow throughs this program not honest to secure health cognisance but in like manner to prompt the employees that termination settlement to change magnitude productivity and loads cases of absenteeism and tardiness. XI. Objectives customary Objectives * To hold up a wholesome manpower who would thereof house prize ervice to customers * To let unvarying benefits to for for each one one employee of the company * To improve the well being of both(prenominal) employee * To oppose and tell apart any form of health difficulties or indisposition specialized Objectives * To extend fitness centers that would be friendly to all(prenominal) employee * To submit periodic couple-up for all(prenominal) employee and communicate of vitamins periodic * To give health tease to both employee wherein they potty returns discounts o n hospitals and medicament. XII. description of the run into Strategies and MethodsIn gild to uphold the focus in the exploit of the state project, the hobby strategies were speculate 1. development of this project would be flop disseminated so that every employee would be sensible of the benefits that they could get from the give tongue to project. 2. The company would swallow a union or array with a rely hospital to aid it on the periodical equalize up of the employees. 3. It would in addition get up with a drug shaper and bargain drugs at a time to it to match character reference of the drugs and it is as well as a court bringing move. . The focusing would also keep skip of the health records of the employees by providing each employee with a medical ledger on which the results of their periodic forbear up would be written. 5. The steering would imbed a memorial for the periodic go bad up of the employees. For instance, a group of employees w ould be schedule for their crack up for a veritable calendar week and so forth. This is to ensure that the calendar periodic check up would be well form and would not be onerous on the part of the medical students. 6.For a more useful diffusion of vitamins, the employees would be given over their calendar periodical bring of vitamins during their plan check up. 7. The instruction would make it eject that the fitness center is neighborly to every employee and they could use it anytime as yearn as it is not during working hours. XIII. monetary Plans wellness watch make sense sign make up of the thrust make out name of middle school Equipments 269000 knowledgeability make up 50000 service (lighting and ventilation) of the function vestibule lakh summate initial cost of wellness program 419000 secondary school EQUIPMENTS equipment casualty amount summarise livetread-wheel 15000 5 75000 influence cycle ten thousand 5 50000 upper berth body flight si mulator 12000 5 60000 tiresome bells railway yard/ reduplicate 20 20000 Punching Bags 3000 3 9000 Gloves and Mitts thousand 10 ten thousand package balls and swivels 3000 3 9000 plank lawn tennis table 8000 2 16000 plank tennis rackets 2000/ straddle 10 20000 occur constitute 269000 health take in entirety initial make up of the mold service (lighting and ventilation) of the clinic room 50000 come cost of medical equipments 78600 constitute of health cards and journals to be distributed among employees myriad founding of medical equipments 30000 full initial cost 168600 medical EQUIPMENTS congeries approach Wheelchairs (3 pcs) 2 megabyte Hospital bed (2 pcs) 30000 communication channel tweet monitor (3 pcs) 6600 Nebulizer (2pcs) 9000 weigh scale leaf 4000 Gauze, enter and bandages 3000 latex paint and vinyl group gloves 3000 Thermometers yard Disinfectants 1000 cave in live 78600 fiscal work out for every month enumerate monetary think of of Vita mins to be distributed monthly hundred thousand farm animal for the hospitalisation of employees per month 50000 Monthly salary of the mendelevium and patron nurses 70000 score 220000XIV. utilitarian Relationships with the Collaborating Agencies El Paraiso is eminent to implement the Wealthness at El for ensuring the health and wellness of every employee. In line with this, our company had its coalition with different agencies that would be a great reader for the carrying out of the program. These agencies argon the Mactan Doctors Hospital, UNILAB, and place of provender Drugs. First, we conducted our dining table opposition unitedly with the base on balls from each some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) agency. any matter concerning this program had been discussed.Then we had the specialize sign language thereafter. Our discernment is that they would come up bread and butter our program as recollective as it continues its operations. The monthly check-up of the employees would not be affirmable without the faculty advance from the hospital. This includes mount sensible physicians in informal medicine and occupational medicine (Preventive Medicine), doctors and registered nurses who declare oneself a alteration of direct health care services and health publicity activities for the company. The vitamins and demote medicines demand would be attack from the drug manufacturer.The company indomitable to befool its confederacy instantaneously from the manufacturer to detect feature products specifiedly affordable, so that this program would not be that costly. XV. monitor and paygrade chemical mechanism In do to monitor and evaluate the executing of the say project, the focal point had open the pastime chemical mechanism 1. The oversight would volunteer military rating sheets which the employees would do with the pursuance(a) questions * be you apprised of Wealthness at El? * atomic number 18 you able to benefit from the say project? In what ship canal did it break down salutary to you? Do you kick in any complaints regarding the mathematical function and other matters about the project? What are they? * Do you reserve any suggestions that the concern could do to oppose on these complaints? * What can you root on to the watchfulness to farther improve this project? 2. The head physician would periodically bailiwick to the instruction and discuss the matters of the project peculiarly their health status. XVI. Plans for Ensuring the Sustainability of the Project In site for a stage business to be triple-crown in the wide run, they hire to contribute to the eudaemonia of the community, preservation of the milieu and motif of their employees.This is what we called the corporal complaisant function (CSR). Our company was relate with our employees because they are one of the contributors why our business continues to operate. Thats why we make water proposed a project for them. We pauperization them to obtain some other benefits on our company darn lend to the succeeder of our business. For us to ensure the subscribeability of our project, we consent make several plans. Those are the ff * During the mere operation, we go awaying provide a separate stemma or leading restrict our investment trust for the sustainability of this project. We are going to sustain this through obtaining a calamity fund. * We impart be having a deal with our cooperative agencies so that they go out set up our ineluctably to sustain it. * Since our company has been operating for almost decades, we are long-familiar in the country. We allow be having sponsors so that we didnt subscribe to to worry that much. * In case of loss, our main section situated in manila is the one to help us regenerate so that we will continue operating. PROGRAM paygrade establish on the surveil conducted by the company and establish on the medical journals of the e mployees, the results showed rise of their respective health status.This project has been implement on every employee of the company. Schedules of check-ups were employ so that it was accepted that every employee has undergone medical examinations. The vitamins that have been distributed to the employees are utile in alter their animation towards work which resulted to better effect in scathe of providing character reference service to customers. In terms of the wellness program, the hearty lifestyle of the employees has been nurseed. ailment has been avoided and their confidence towards their looks and coming into court has subjoind. t was found out that certain(a) improvements will be unavoidable for the advancement of the techniques and strategies need to make this project successful. more(prenominal) arrogant strategies should be compulsory for the dispersion of vitamins and schedules of check-ups so that delays can be avoided. after(prenominal) several ye ars of execution of this project, the company had been benefited because it is able to maintain a rosy work force that would provide its customers theatrical role service. The employees of the company are able to get down the benefits that these occurrence project aims to provide to them.Company Benefits from CSR course through with(predicate) the Wealthness at El, the company is able to derived the following benefits 1) The company is able to maintain a rose-cheeked custody who will provide quality service to the customers. 2) Its employees are more cause because they liveliness that the company value them. 3) make employees will result to increase in productivity and reduce cases of absenteeism and tardiness. 4) Therefore, a kempt and actuate workforce will result to the companys amend personality which enables them to attain high income.